Copper-Catalyzed C(aryl)–N Bond Formation

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Quinazolines and Quinazolinones: An Overview

“…In general, they are advantageous, expedient, cost-effective, and relatively less toxic. Thus, iron (Correa et al, 2008 ; Li et al, 2013 ; Ghorai et al, 2017 ) and copper-catalyzed (Monnier and Taillefer, 2013 ) organic transformations have recently received enormous attention from synthetic organic research groups; they especially are the catalysts of choice for organic transformations requiring, C–N bond formation. In this regard, in recent years, applications of copper and iron-catalyzed transformations have overgrown and still are developing.…”

“…Thus, nowadays, copper catalysis has attracted enormous attention from synthetic organic chemists. Several review articles collected and described the recent progress made in pleasing and exceptional copper catalysis in all areas of synthetic transformations (Monnier and Taillefer, 2013 ; Guo et al, 2015 ; Thapa et al, 2015 ; Tandon, 2019 ; Ghiazza and Tlili, 2020 ). Copper-based catalysts are also extensively employed in different chemical industries (Punniyamurthy and Rout, 2008 ).…”

Nickel‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation of Primary Amides and Lactams with Activated (Hetero)aryl Electrophiles

“…Notwithstanding the utility of Pd‐based cross‐coupling methods, both cost and supply limitations provide motivation for the development of cross‐coupling protocols that utilize non‐precious metals . Cu catalysis is the most established in this regard, with a number of synthetically useful protocols having been developed since the pioneering report by Goldberg . Nonetheless, the frequent inability of Cu catalysts to accommodate (hetero)aryl chlorides and phenol‐derived electrophiles remains a significant limitation.…”

Challenging nickel-catalysed amine arylations enabled by tailored ancillary ligand design

“…However, in recent years, there has been a shift in focus away from the use of catalysts based on rare and expensive precious metals such as palladium 14 , including in the pharmaceutical industry where the cost of both palladium and the required electron-rich ancillary ligands, as well as the potential for bulk palladium supply limitations, can be problematic. Notwithstanding some selected recent reports of copper-catalysed C( sp 2 )–N cross-couplings (that is, Ullmann C–N coupling) of ammonia 15 or primary alkylamines 16 at elevated temperatures (>100 °C), which are of relevance to our work presented herein, copper catalysis is typically not effective with low-cost and widely available (hetero)aryl chlorides or sulfonates 17 . Conversely, nickel catalysis offers the potential to supplant BHA protocols, being significantly less rare and expensive than palladium and having a proven track-record in alternative cross-couplings involving such challenging electrophiles 18 19 20 21 22 23 .…”