Copper Deficiency in Captive Blesbok Antelope (Damiliscus dorcas phillipsi)

Dierenfeld, Ellen S.; Dolensek, Emil P.; McNamara, Tracey; Doherty, James G.

doi:10.2307/20094869

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In different animal species, pregnancy leads to a decrease in body Zn and Cu levels of the mother animal (Dreosti et al, 1968;Gooneratne and Christensen, 1986;Lee et al, 1993;Rombach et al, 2003), due to the increasing mineral requirements of the growing foetus. In herds of animals with a marginal mineral supply, therefore, deficiencies are most likely to clinically affect breeding females first (Dierenfeld et al, 1988) as in our study, which is in contrast to the impression of Rosychuk (1994) that male llamas appear to be overrespresented in Zn-responsive dermatitis cases.…”

contrasting

confidence: 84%

Skin lesions in alpacas and llamas with low zinc and copper status – a preliminary report

Clauss¹,

Lendl²,

Schramel

et al. 2004

The Veterinary Journal

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contrasting

confidence: 84%

Skin lesions in alpacas and llamas with low zinc and copper status – a preliminary report

Clauss¹,

Lendl²,

Schramel

et al. 2004

The Veterinary Journal

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“…Excess dietary protein, however, should be considered as a source of dietary sulfur, which may, through ruminal degradation of amino acids, yield insoluble CuS [Bremner and Davies, 1980], resulting in secondarily-induced Cu deficiency in this group. Similar mechanisms have been hypothesized for other ruminant species [i.e., Dierenfeld et al, 1988;Clauss and Dierenfeld, 1999].…”

Section: Mineralssupporting

confidence: 72%

Duikers: Native food composition, micronutrient assessment, and implications for improving captive diets

2002

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This review summarizes and contrasts published information on the proximate chemical composition of native fruits and leaves eaten by duikers, and adds new data concerning the soluble carbohydrate, mineral, and tannin content of duiker foods. Information on circulating plasma concentrations of minerals and the fatsoluble vitamins A and E is also summarized in relation to free-ranging vs. zooheld duikers and differences in the nutrient content of their respective diets. In nature, duikers consume diets containing low starch (in general <0.1% of dry matter (DM)) and moderate-to-high fiber (averaging 32% DM) and protein (fruits <10%, leaves <20% DM) levels, and do not avoid foodstuffs containing tannins. Native food samples were considered low to marginal in calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) content compared with domestic ruminant dietary requirements, but Ca levels were generally two-to threefold higher than P concentrations. Diets fed to duikers in captivity are often low in fiber and tannin content, and high in starch and protein, as well as low in Ca relative to P (compared with native plants), which may lead to nutrient imbalances and health problems. Plasma alpha-tocopherol values measured in zoo duikers ranged from 0.4 to 8.3 µg/ml, and were less variable in free-ranging animals (1.7-7.0 µg/ml). Retinol values did not differ among duiker species or between sample populations, and were within normal ranges (0.2-0.7 µg/ml) expected for herbivores. Domestic hoofstock appear to be suitable physiological models for evaluating fat-soluble vitamin status, but mineral homeostasis appears to differ in duikers. Free-ranging duikers have somewhat higher Ca, and lower P concentrations compared with captive-held individuals, and inverse Ca:P ratios and copper (Cu) deficiency have been reported in captive duikers-both conditions in which captive diet may

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“…Excessively high protein contents could, for example, lead to the formation of copper-sulfide bonds in the rumen, thus reducing copper availability. 23,74 For example, a low copper status has been observed in duikers, small ruminants that selectively ingest the leaves, but not the stems, of the alfalfa hay offered. 33 In Europe, alfalfa is much less common in dairy or beef rations and thus much more difficult to acquire for many zoos, as reflected in the ranges for alfalfa (lucerne) hay from Europe with high fiber and low protein levels (see Table 55 -5).…”

Section: Forage Choicementioning

confidence: 99%