Current trends in
plant genetic transformation technologies, i.e.,
designing and applying molecules like miRNA, RNAi, and CRISPR-Cas,
largely enable researchers to target specific sites in the plant genome
to avert the growing biotic and abiotic threats to plants. However,
the delivery of these molecules through conventional techniques brings
an array of drawbacks such as low efficiency due to the cell wall
barrier, tissue damage that leads to browning or necrosis, degradation
of these biomolecules by physiological conditions (high temperature,
harsh pH, and light), and plant-specific protocols. The advancements
in nanotechnology offer an excellent alternative for the safe and
highly efficient delivery of biomolecules such as miRNA, CRISPR-Cas,
and RNAi without damaging the plant tissues. Nanoparticle (polymeric,
metallic, magnetic, silica, carbon, etc.)-based delivery of biomolecules
can be efficiently utilized especially for plant protection applications.
Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of current trends (with
a focus on the previous five years) in nanoparticle-based delivery
of miRNA, RNAi, CRISPR-Cas and simillar biomolecules for plant protection
applications. In addition, a future perspective focuses on the research
gaps and unexplored potentials of nanoparticles for the delivery of
biomolecules.