Copper(II)-Incorporated Porphyrin-Based Porous Organic Polymer for a Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensor

Abstract

To date, the fabrication of multifunctional nanoplatforms based on a porous organic polymer for electrochemical sensing of biorelevant molecules has received considerable attention in the search for a more active, robust, and sensitive electrocatalyst. Here, in this report, we have developed a new porous organic polymer based on porphyrin (TEG-POR) from a polycondensation reaction between a triethylene glycol-linked dialdehyde and pyrrole. The Cu(II) complex of the polymer Cu-TEG-POR shows high sensitivity and a low detection limit for glucose electro-oxidation in an alkaline medium. The characterization of the as-synthesized polymer was done by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and 13C CP-MAS solid-state NMR. The N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm was carried out at 77 K to analyze the porous property. TEG-POR and Cu-TEG-POR both show excellent thermal stability. The Cu-TEG-POR-modified GC electrode shows a low detection limit (LOD) value of 0.9 μM and a wide linear range (0.001–1.3 mM) with a sensitivity of 415.8 μA mM–1 cm–2 toward electrochemical glucose sensing. The interference of the modified electrode from ascorbic acid, dopamine, NaCl, uric acid, fructose, sucrose, and cysteine was insignificant. Cu-TEG-POR exhibits acceptable recovery for blood glucose detection (97.25–104%), suggesting its scope in the future for selective and sensitive nonenzymatic glucose detection in human blood.

Ultrathin alkynylation phthalocyanine-conjugated organic polymer nanosheets for constructing a sensitive electrochemiluminescence sensor

“…As a new class of exceptional materials, two-dimensional (2D) conjugated organic polymers (COPs) with amorphous extended p-conjugated networks offer the desirable properties and functions with a wide range of applications in catalysis, [1][2][3] sensors, 4,5 and gas storage 6 and separation. 7 Their multifunctional networks are constructed through homo-or heteropolymerization between organic linkers, which are formed by covalent bonds.…”

Non-Noble-Metal-Based Porphyrin Covalent Organic Polymers as Additive-/Annealing-Free Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting and Biomass Oxidation

“…Though several covalent organic polymer electrocatalysts have also been developed, − due to their lower electrical conductivity, the addition of external additives (mostly carbon materials) or thermal annealing is a must in most of the cases as they provide a graphitic base that gives the material necessary conductivity and electrochemical sites. − However, such materials are often not given much importance due to their additional cost. Combining electroactive metalloporphyrins in the polymeric skeleton of the covalent organic polymers could be an efficient strategy for developing efficient annealing-free electrocatalysts. − …”

Ni(II)-Incorporated Ethylene Glycol-Linked Tetraphenyl Porphyrin-Based Covalent Organic Polymer as a Catalyst for Methanol Electrooxidation

“…Cao et al showed OER and ORR activities of metal-corrole-based POP . There are other examples, where researchers have put efforts into designing some noble metal-based catalysts. − In our recent efforts to explore the catalytic activity of porphyrin-based polymers, we have reported a urea oxidation reaction (UOR) and nonenzymatic glucose sensing using metal-incorporated porphyrin-based polymers.…”