Copper in brain

Rm, Nalbandyan

doi:10.1007/bf00963993

Cited by 43 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…This stresses the need of age-matching as an important control in experiment studies. The trace elements zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are of importance for the development and function of the CNS (Hunt, 1980;Nalbandyan, 1983;Palm et al, 1986). In rats, zinc deficiency during pregnancy leads to CNS malformations of the fetus (Hurley & Shrader, 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age related changes in weight and the concentrations of zinc and copper in the brain of the adult rat

1990

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Two groups of adult male rats aged 15 weeks and 49 weeks, 15 rats in each group, were analysed for the concentrations of the trace elements zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in serum, liver, kidney, and five parts of the brain (cortex, corpus striatum, hippocampus, midbrain+medulla, and cerebellum). All organs increased in weight from 15 weeks to 49 weeks. In all parts of the brain, except for corpus striatum, there was a significant increase of the weights. The dry weight (% of wet) increased in all parts of the brain. In serum, the Zn and Cu concentrations increased from 15 weeks to 49 weeks. In the liver, both concentrations decreased and in the kidney the concentrations increased with increasing age. The Zn concentrations increased in cortex and corpus striatum and decreased in cerebellum and hippocampus. The Cu levels increased in all parts of the brain with the largest changes in corpus striatum. For rats aged 49 weeks, a significant correlation was found between the Cu concentrations of corpus striatum or midbrain+medulla and the fluid consumption. The findings of the present study reveal a dynamic age-related pattern of changes in the concentrations of Zn and Cu in different organs of the adult rat. This stresses the need of age-matching as an important control in experiment studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cu is an essential component of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and dopamine {3-hydroxylase (Nalbandyan, 1983). Rats born from Cu deficient mothers have neurologic abnormalities (Prohaska & Wells, 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age related changes in weight and the concentrations of zinc and copper in the brain of the adult rat

1990

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“…3 Although copper is important in various metabolic processes, elevated copper concentrations in brain are neurotoxic. Copper has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, [4][5][6] and prion disorders.…”

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confidence: 99%

The mitochondrial permeability transition, and oxidative and nitrosative stress in the mechanism of copper toxicity in cultured neurons and astrocytes

Reddy

Rao

Norenberg

2008

Laboratory Investigation

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Copper is an essential element and an integral component of various enzymes. However, excess copper is neurotoxic and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Wilson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, prion conditions, and other disorders. Although mechanisms of copper neurotoxicity are not fully understood, copper is known to cause oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. As oxidative stress is an important factor in the induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT), we determined whether mPT plays a role in copper-induced neural cell injury. Cultured astrocytes and neurons were treated with 20 mM copper and mPT was measured by changes in the cyclosporin A (CsA)-sensitive inner mitochondrial membrane potential (DCm), employing the potentiometric dye TMRE. In astrocytes, copper caused a 36% decrease in the DCm at 12 h, which decreased further to 48% by 24 h and remained at that level for at least 72 h. Cobalt quenching of calcein fluorescence as a measure of mPT similarly displayed a 45% decrease at 24 h. Pretreatment with antioxidants significantly blocked the copper-induced mPT by 48-75%. Copper (24 h) also caused a 30% reduction in ATP in astrocytes, which was completely blocked by CsA. Copper caused death (42%) in astrocytes by 48 h, which was reduced by antioxidants (35-60%) and CsA (41%). In contrast to astrocytes, copper did not induce mPT in neurons. Instead, it caused early and extensive death with a concomitant reduction (63%) in ATP by 14 h. Neuronal death was prevented by antioxidants and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors but not by CsA. Copper increased protein tyrosine nitration in both astrocytes and neurons. These studies indicate that mPT, and oxidative and nitrosative stress represent major factors in copper-induced toxicity in astrocytes, whereas oxidative and nitrosative stress appears to play a major role in neuronal injury.

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“…The mature neuronal marker, MAP-2, showed no increase in expression levels within the 14 days of culture when the ADSCs were stimulated with current alone. Copper is well known to play an important role in brain development 24,28 . High amounts of copper are also stored in the synaptic terminals of central neurons 36 , and it has been shown that copper can modify neuronal excitability 13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Combination of Electric Current and Copper Promotes Neuronal Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

Jaatinen

Salemi

Miettinen³

et al. 2014

Ann Biomed Eng

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Damage to the nervous system can be caused by several types of insults, and it always has a great effect on the life of an individual. Due to the limited availability of neural transplants, alternative approaches for neural regeneration must be developed. Stem cells have a great potential to support neuronal regeneration. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) have gained increasing interest in the fields of regenerative medicine due to their multilineage potential and easy harvest compared to other stem cells. In this study, we present a growth factor-free method for the differentiation of hADSCs toward neuron-like cells. We investigated the effect of electric current and copper on neuronal differentiation. We analyzed the morphological changes, the mRNA and protein expression levels in the stimulated cells and showed that the combination of current and copper induces stem cell differentiation toward the neuronal lineage with elongation of the cells and the upregulation of neuron-specific genes and proteins. The induction of the neuronal differentiation of hADSCs by electric field and copper may offer a novel approach for stem cell differentiation and may be a useful tool for safe stem cell-based therapeutic applications. Abstract and key termsDamage to the nervous system can be caused by several types of insults, and it always has a great effect on the life of an individual. Due to the limited availability of neural transplants, alternative approaches for neural regeneration must be developed. Stem cells have a great potential to support neuronal regeneration.Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) have gained increasing interest in the fields of regenerative medicine due to their multilineage potential and easy harvest compared to other stem cells. In this study, we present a growth factor-free method for the differentiation of hADSCs toward neuron-like cells. We investigated the effect of electric current and copper on neuronal differentiation. We analyzed the morphological changes, the mRNA and protein expression levels in the stimulated cells and showed that the combination of current and copper induces stem cell differentiation toward the neuronal lineage with elongation of the cells and the upregulation of neuron-specific genes and proteins. The induction of the neuronal differentiation of hADSCs by electric field and copper may offer a novel approach for stem cell differentiation and may be a useful tool for safe stem cell-based therapeutic applications.

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Copper in brain

Cited by 43 publications

References 91 publications

Age related changes in weight and the concentrations of zinc and copper in the brain of the adult rat

Age related changes in weight and the concentrations of zinc and copper in the brain of the adult rat

The mitochondrial permeability transition, and oxidative and nitrosative stress in the mechanism of copper toxicity in cultured neurons and astrocytes

The Combination of Electric Current and Copper Promotes Neuronal Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

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