Copper Mineral Leaching Mathematical Models—A Review

Saldaña, Manuel Romero; Gálvez, Edelmira D.; Robles, Pedro; Castillo, Jonathan; Toro, Norman

doi:10.3390/ma15051757

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…To illustrate the leaching kinetics, two models are utilized: the shrinking core model (SCM) and the progressive conversion model (PCM). The models emphasized the crucial significance of the transformations taking place at both the physical and chemical levels within the particles themselves [46,47]. In the field of mineral leaching, it is common to employ mathematical models that rely on an inverse exponential function to effectively describe the process.…”

Section: Kinetics Of Chalcopyrite Leachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Extraction of Copper from Chalcopyrite Concentrate with Hydrogen Peroxide in Sulfuric Acid Solution

Petrović,

Bogdanović,

Antonijević

et al. 2023

Metals

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Research on chalcopyrite leaching represents a great challenge, given its importance as one of the most abundant copper minerals and its significant role in global copper extraction. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different parameters on chalcopyrite leaching by hydrogen peroxide as a strong oxidizing reagent in sulfuric acid solution. A series of leaching tests were carried out to investigate the effect of the solid/liquid ratio, stirring speed, temperature, oxidant and acid concentrations, and lixiviant dosing method on copper extraction from chalcopyrite concentrate. The catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide occurred in the investigated leaching system, as reflected in the obtained metal extraction values. Copper extraction was increased in the first 60 min of the reaction, after which it essentially ceased. The maximum final copper extraction of 64.5% was attained with 3.0 mol/L H2O2 in 3.0 mol/L H2SO4 at a temperature of 40 °C after 120 min of reaction. Due to the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in the examined leaching system, the leaching experiment was performed with the periodic addition of lixiviant at specific time intervals as well. The dissolution process was described by the first-order kinetics equation with an apparent activation energy of ~39 kJ/mol. Finally, XRD and SEM-EDS analyses were used to characterize the leached residue, and the results showed that the formation of elemental sulfur on the chalcopyrite surface affected the dissolution process.

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Section: Kinetics Of Chalcopyrite Leachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Extraction of Copper from Chalcopyrite Concentrate with Hydrogen Peroxide in Sulfuric Acid Solution

Petrović,

Bogdanović,

Antonijević

et al. 2023

Metals

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“…There are several copper recovery models in literature [53,54], while the analytical model used in this work is given by Eq. ( 1) [55][56][57][58], which is based on the hypothesis that the leaching process could be modelled by using a system of first-order differential equation (1).…”

Section: Analytical Models For Heap Leachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an analytical model for copper heap leaching from secondary sulfides in chloride media in an industrial environment

Saldaña

Salinas‐Rodríguez

Castillo

et al. 2022

Hem Ind

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In multivariate analysis, a predictive model is a mathematical/statistical model that relates a set of independent variables to dependent or response variable(s). This work presents a descriptive model that explains copper recovery from secondary sulfide minerals (chalcocite) taking into account the effects of time, heap height, superficial velocity of leaching flow, chloride concentration, particle size, porosity, and effective diffusivity of the solute within particle pores. Copper recovery is then modelled by a system of first-order differential equations. The results indicated that the heap height and superficial velocity of leaching flow are the most critical independent variables while the others are less influential under operational conditions applied. In the present study representative adjustment parameters are obtained, so that the model could be used to explore copper recovery in chloride media as a part of the extended value chain of the copper sulfides processing.

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“…At present, the modeling of leaching kinetics is primarily focused on the models of exponential functions and partial differential equations [ 17 , 18 ]. At the same time, both traditional [ 19 , 20 , 21 ] and conceptually new technologies are being improved: bioleaching [ 22 ], phytomining, solvometallurgy [ 23 ] or microwave exposure [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailings Utilization and Zinc Extraction Based on Mechanochemical Activation

et al. 2023

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The significant containment of the global mining industry is caused by the problem of the transition to sustainable metal extraction and the integrated use of technogenic raw materials from the tailings of ore processing. The modeling of metal leaching processes using mechanical activation of polymetallic raw material components is particularly important in expanding the application of mining tailings as inert fillers of filling mixtures. This study is aimed at detecting the rotor speed factor on the chemical and mechanochemical effect of zinc yield growth from polymetallic tailings of the mining industry. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to improve the modeling of metal leaching processes using mechanical activation by improving the compositions of the filling mixtures. The methodology of the work included several comprehensive studies: the mechanical activation of tailings during zinc leaching from pulp in the DESI-11 disintegrator; the activation of enrichment tailings and the formation of a filling mass with different parameters of the component composition; the curing of cubic samples and their testing on the IP-1250 press. The Vi Improved text editor was used to prepare the algorithms for deterministic methods of three-dimensional interpolation in the Python language. The experimental results were graphically displayed using Gnuplot. The study of the agitation leaching of the waste obtained from the Sadonskiy mining district results in the fact that the NaCl mass concentration decreased from 13 to 1% and the H2SO4 concentration stabilization within 0.5 to 0.6% led to a 3-time increase in the zinc yield from the pulp, according to the polynomial law (from 28 to 91%). The obtained results expand the idea of the mechanism of the strength gain by the filling mass under mechanical activation on the components of the filling mixture, as well as changes in the efficiency of zinc leaching at different ratios of two types of lixiviants (sulphuric acid and sodium chloride) in the leaching solution.

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Copper Mineral Leaching Mathematical Models—A Review

Cited by 15 publications

References 123 publications

The Extraction of Copper from Chalcopyrite Concentrate with Hydrogen Peroxide in Sulfuric Acid Solution

The Extraction of Copper from Chalcopyrite Concentrate with Hydrogen Peroxide in Sulfuric Acid Solution

Development of an analytical model for copper heap leaching from secondary sulfides in chloride media in an industrial environment

Tailings Utilization and Zinc Extraction Based on Mechanochemical Activation

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