“…17 As a result, various types of uorescent probes such as organic dyes, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), carbon dots (CDs), uorescent metal nanoclusters (NCs), and uorescent metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have been designed and prepared to determine Cu 2+ ion. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Since rst reported in 2000, MNPs are extensively used in the eld of nanotechnology for its nonhazardous feature, strong magnetization values, superparamagnetic property, active surface that can easily assembled of biological soluble structure and targeting, imaging, and therapeutic molecules. 22 Unlike organic uorescent dyes, QDs are semiconductor particles which exhibit high photochemical stability, excellent resistance to chemical degradation, outstanding photodegradation and extremely large Stokes shi.…”