Copper Nanocluster-Doped Luminescent Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles for Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Applications

Abstract

Novel strategies in the field of nanotechnology for the development of suitable multifunctional drug delivery vehicles have been pursued with promising upshots. Luminescent copper nanocluster-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP NPs) were synthesized and applied for the delivery of antibacterial drug kanamycin. The negatively charged doped HAP NPs could electrostatically interact with the positively charged kanamycin. The kanamycin-loaded doped HAP NPs showed pronounced activity in the case of Gram-negative bacteria compared to that in Gram-positive bacteria. Upon interaction with the bacteria, kanamycin could probably generate harmful agents such as hydroxyl radical that leads to bacterial cell damage. After being incorporated with copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs), the doped HAP NPs were applied for the bioimaging of bacterial cells. The biocompatibility of doped HAP NPs was also studied in HeLa cells. As compared to copper nanoclusters, the doped HAP NPs showed excellent biocompatibility even at higher concentrations of copper. The kanamycin-loaded doped HAP NPs were further applied toward Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm eradication. Thus, the as-synthesized copper nanocluster-doped HAP NPs were applied as nanocarriers for antibiotic drug delivery, bioimaging, and antibiofilm applications.

Copper nanoclusters: designed synthesis, structural diversity, and multiplatform applications

“…31 D). Please do not adjust margins Please do not adjust margins Simon et al 413 BSA-CuNCs together with drug kanamycin loaded inside the luminescent hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP) (Fig. 32) were applied first to image the bacteria, then to transport the drug and finally to explore their antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.…”

Antimicrobial Metal Nanomaterials: From Passive to Stimuli‐Activated Applications

“…In addition to size, the shape of the nanoparticles can also influence their intrinsic properties, for example, photocatalytic properties can be affected, largely through enhanced surface area while plasmonic properties are influenced by the nanomaterials shape which affects the relative lengths along which the electron cloud can resonate and hence the specific wave function. [ 73 ] With improvements in nanotechnology and fabrication processes, a diverse array of nanoscale shapes have been constructed, such as: nanoparticles, [ 74 ] nanodots, [ 75 ] nanocubes, [ 76,77 ] nanorods, [ 78,79 ] nanoshells, [ 80 ] nanocages, [ 81 ] nanostars, [ 82 ] nanoflowers, [ 83 ] nanoeggs, [ 84 ] nanopopcorn, [ 85 ] and numerous other 2D materials. [ 86,87 ] Figure shows a variety of commonly investigated nanomaterials, along with experimentally obtained images of example nanomaterials with the corresponding shape.…”

Development of Copper Nanoclusters for In Vitro and In Vivo Theranostic Applications

“…Taking into account the attractive emissive properties of Cu NCs, by incorporating the NCs into existing drug carriers, a multifunctional carrier enabling both drug delivery and imaging can be developed. This has been demonstrated by an earlier study, which used Cu NCs to dope hydroxyapatite nanoparticles to generate a system that cannot only be loaded with kanamycin but can also serve as an imaging probe for bacterial cells . Apart from simply incorporating Cu NCs into other carriers, there are two more ways of using Cu NCs in disease treatment.…”

“…This has been demonstrated by an earlier study, which used Cu NCs to dope hydroxyapatite nanoparticles to generate a system that cannot only be loaded with kanamycin but can also serve as an imaging probe for bacterial cells. [76] Apart from simply incorporating Cu NCs into other carriers, there are two more ways of using Cu NCs in disease treatment. One is to use the NC directly as a carrier to deliver therapeutic agents into pathological sites.…”