Copper Nanoflowers on Carbon Cloth as a Flexible Electrode Toward Both Enzymeless Electrocatalytic Glucose and H₂O₂

Abstract

Herein, a novel electrochemical sensor for glucose and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection was successfully developed through the use of Cu nanoflowers (CuNFs) combined with flexible carbon cloth (CC) substrate. The 3D flower‐like CuNFs in size uniformly and firmly grow on CC substrate by a facile, scalable, one‐step hydrothermal strategy. Morphology, size and surface property of the prepared CuNFs/CC were examined by SEM, EDS and TEM, respectively. The electrochemical mechanism of CuNFs/CC for glucose and H2O2 detection was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. High electrochemical performances were displayed with amperometric i‐t curves including a wide linear range from 1.0 nM to 6.0 mM for glucose and from 1.0 μM to 36.66 mM for H2O2, respectively. Good sensitivity, repeatability, and stability, as well as anti‐interference ability, the carbon cloth‐supported CuNFs will be the promising materials for fabricating practical non‐enzymatic glucose and H2O2 sensors.

Engineering of a self-supported carbon electrode with 2D ultrathin heterostructures of NiCo LDH/NiCoS via a MOF-template for sensitive detection of glucose and H2O2

“…In fact, the current curve begins to fluctuate when the concentration of glucose reaches 9 mM and the stable current platform basically disappears, indicating that the oxidation of glucose is close to saturation. 46 In Fig. 3c, the sensitivities in two concentration ranges (1 mM-3 mM and 4-9 mM) are obtained by the slope, which are 2167 and 1417 mA mM À1 cm À2 , respectively.…”

Facile Gram-Scale Synthesis of NiO Nanoflowers for Highly Selective and Sensitive Electrocatalytic Detection of Hydrazine

“…Also, although some oxides find specific utilization, many applications are mutual . Therefore, with the emergence of nanotechnology, the performance of metal oxides is not exclusively based on their chemical nature; instead, their properties can be tuned by controlling several parameters, including size, shape (surface facets), composition, and structure. − From this perspective, producing nanocavities over materials or obtaining nanocubes, nanowires, nanorods, nanosheets, and nanoflower-based metal oxides can provide advanced surface features for creating electrocatalytic sensors. ,− Among the different morphologies cited before, nanoflowers showing structural similarity to real flowers have attracted increased interest nowadays since they are composed of several thin layers of petals forming a highly porous structure encompassing a larger surface area and highly active surface sites for multiple applications in catalysis, sensors, and delivery of drugs. − …”

“… 14 − 18 From this perspective, producing nanocavities over materials or obtaining nanocubes, nanowires, nanorods, nanosheets, and nanoflower-based metal oxides can provide advanced surface features for creating electrocatalytic sensors. 12 , 19 − 22 Among the different morphologies cited before, nanoflowers showing structural similarity to real flowers have attracted increased interest nowadays since they are composed of several thin layers of petals forming a highly porous structure encompassing a larger surface area and highly active surface sites for multiple applications in catalysis, sensors, and delivery of drugs. 23 − 26 …”

3D Printed Voltammetric Sensor Modified with an Fe(III)-Cluster for the Enzyme-Free Determination of Glucose in Sweat

“…The main problems on the construction of enzymatic GLU biosensors are the efficiency of GOx immobilization on the electrode surface, the presence of dissolved oxygen, and the effect of temperature, pH, and ionic strength on the enzyme activity [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. To overcome these disadvantages, enzyme-free GLU sensors based on metallic particles have been applied as catalysts of GLU electrooxidation, including metals (i.e., Au, Pd and Pt), and metal oxides (i.e., CuO, Cu 2 O, NiO, TiO 2 , Co 3 O 4 , MnO 2, Fe 2 O 3 and Fe 3 O 4 ) [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], thanks to their high sensitivity, stability and fast response. Nevertheless, these metallic candidates for enzyme-free GLU monitoring usually demonstrate electrocatalytic activity in neutral and basic media and, thus, their applicability in an acidic epidermal skin environment is limited [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

“…To overcome these disadvantages, enzyme-free GLU sensors based on metallic particles have been applied as catalysts of GLU electrooxidation, including metals (i.e., Au, Pd and Pt), and metal oxides (i.e., CuO, Cu 2 O, NiO, TiO 2 , Co 3 O 4 , MnO 2, Fe 2 O 3 and Fe 3 O 4 ) [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], thanks to their high sensitivity, stability and fast response. Nevertheless, these metallic candidates for enzyme-free GLU monitoring usually demonstrate electrocatalytic activity in neutral and basic media and, thus, their applicability in an acidic epidermal skin environment is limited [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. More specifically, regarding the iron-based sensors Fe 3 O 4, Fe 2 O 3, and FeOOH particles have been used as electrode modifiers for the electrooxidation of GLU in a pH of 7, 7.5, and 13 [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”