Copper oxide nanoparticles as fungistat to inhibit mycotoxins and hydrolytic enzyme production by Fusarium incarnatum isolated from garlic biomass

Abstract

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) being infected by mycotoxigenic fungi is one of the primary factors limiting its nutritional and medical value. Therefore, there is an urgent need to repress mycotoxigenic fungi utilizing safer treatments, possibly involving nanoparticles. Fusarium incarnatum was isolated from garlic (A. sativum L.) that showed fungal contamination and their identification was confirmed using amplified and sequenced internal transcribed spacer nuclear ribosomal DNA regions, which confirmed the isolation of F. incarnatum from all cultivars. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) at different concentrations showed inhibitory activity against F. incarnatum growth and mycotoxins, particularly at 400 ppm. The production of F. incarnatum mycotoxins, i.e., beauvericins, fusarins, moniliformin, and enniatins, was inhibited to 62.8%, 45.4%, 58.1%, and 55.0%, respectively at 400 ppm of CuONPs compared to the control. Shrinkage of the F. incarnatum cell membrane and collapsing of the cell walls were recorded via transmission electron microscopy at 400 ppm, but negligible distortion appeared at 100 ppm of CuONPs. CuONPs at 100 ppm encouraged the activity of CMC-ase, zylanase, and amylase, while 200 and 400 ppm promoted less enzyme activity. The current findings suggest that CuONPs have a fungistatic effect on F. incarnatum and their mycotoxins.

Aflatoxin detoxification by biosynthesized iron oxide nanoparticles using green and black tea extracts

“…1, 27.2, 63.8, 55.9, and 44.3%, respectively. In a study where green silver NPs were synthesized from alcoholic extracts of plants, it was stated that these NPs were effective in removing or preventing the production of mycotoxins, especially AFLB1 (Jawad et al 2022b). Al-Rajhi et al (2022) observed that the production of F. incarnatum mycotoxins, such as beauvericins, fusarins, moniliformin, and enniatins, was reduced by as much as 62.8%, 45.4%, 58.1%, and 55.0%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 ppm of copper oxide NPs. Research on milk magnifies the role of aflatoxin M1 in threatening consumers' health and increases interest in the hygienic quality of milk produced.…”

Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles via biomass of Hypnea pannosa as a green mediator and their biological applications

“…ZnO-NPs may maintain the membrane of red blood cells by stopping the expulsion of enzymes that are act lytic agent. Moreover, recent investigation demonstrated that ZnO-NPs possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities (Nagajyothi et al 2015;Al-Rajhi et al 2022a, b).…”

In vitro and molecular docking evaluation of target proteins of lipase and protease for the degradation of aflatoxins

“…One of the main causes of toxin pollution in food and feed is fungi that grow on food. Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites that are produced on a variety of grains, seeds, and food products by several common microscopic toxigenic strains of Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Fusarium (Abdelghany 2006;El-Taher et al 2012;Al-Rajhi et al 2022a;Gedikli et al 2024). Aflatoxins, which include a range of derivatives, are a class of secondary metabolites generated by a polyketone pathway by different fungi, including Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus (Abdelghany 2014;Abdelghany et al 2020).…”