Copper sulfate reference electrode

Stern, Heather A. G.; Sadoway, Donald R.; Tester, Jefferson W.

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.05.014

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…However, a potential value of 0.317 V (SHE) was determined by Stern et al [42]. The potential difference compared to the measured values of 0.319 and 0.312 V, respectively, can be due to deviations of the activity coefficient valid for saturated liquid CuSO 4 solution, which is not necessarily equal to the activity coefficient valid for the CuSO 4 -gelatin mixture.…”

Section: Potential Stability Of the Reference Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Hydrogel-based flexible micro-reference electrodes for use in alkaline and neutral pH solutions

Schimo

Grill

Kollender

et al. 2016

J Solid State Electrochem

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Two types of nonbreakable, flexible microreference electrodes filled with gel-electrolytes were prepared for use in solutions with alkaline and neutral pH. The electrodes are intended for electrochemical measurements, in which chloride-free conditions are important. Due to the flexible, bendable construction of the electrodes, electrochemical experiments at locations difficult to access with common reference electrodes are enabled. Hg|HgO-type electrodes were prepared from amalgamated Au wires, followed by oxidation of the amalgam, which is mounted in a PTFE tube filled with 0.1M NaOH solution immobilized in a PAA-g-PEO gel. The potential of this type of electrode was found to be 0.162 ± 0.002 V (SHE) at room temperature. Cu|CuSO 4 electrodes, consisting of a Cu wire immersed in a saturated CuSO 4 solution jellied with gelatin, showed a stable open-circuit potential of 0.312 ± 0.001 V (SHE). Further characterization of the electrodes was performed in terms of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and micro-polarization measurements. As an alternative to the flexible electrodes, rigid electrodes in glass enclosure were fabricated in analogy to the flexible-type electrodes.

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Section: Potential Stability Of the Reference Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Hydrogel-based flexible micro-reference electrodes for use in alkaline and neutral pH solutions

Schimo

Grill

Kollender

et al. 2016

J Solid State Electrochem

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“…The temperature coefficient is usually taken as +0.9 mV/°C (with [ 44 ] showing 0.83 mV/°C with linear interpolation of measured values); although, from the results, a slight parabolic dependency seems to take place, as confirmed by [ 44 ], Figure 5 . The dependency of CuSO 4 density on temperature is well documented and stable: 1.17 g/mL @ 10 °C, 1.19 g/mL @ 15 °C, 1.21 g/mL @ 25 °C, 1.25 g/mL @ 35 °C and 1.28 g/mL @ 45 °C, as per [ 44 ], 1% larger up to 25 °C in [ 45 ]. Saturated Ag/AgCl electrodes are used in case water is present, such as to measure corrosion of water-filled tanks and pipes.…”

Section: Stray Current Monitoring Systemmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The cell potential at room temperature (20 • C) is taken as 316 mV with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE); the more accurate formula reported in [44] confirms a value of 316.8 mV (E CSE [mV] = (0.17 ± 0.01) T + (313.4 ± 0.04)). The temperature coefficient is usually taken as +0.9 mV/ • C (with [44] showing 0.83 mV/ • C with linear interpolation of measured values); although, from the results, a slight parabolic dependency seems to take place, as confirmed by [44], Figure 5. The operating life of the electrode depends on the amount of Ag that is lost in the reaction; being a precious metal, the objective is minimizing the employed quantity, but about 1 g of Ag allows an operating life of more than 30 years with an average exchanged current of 1 µA.…”

Section: Electrochemical Half-cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Copper passivation is the second weak point of this electrode. The cell potential at room temperature (20 °C) is taken as 316 mV with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE); the more accurate formula reported in [ 44 ] confirms a value of 316.8 mV ( E CSE [mV] = (0.17 ± 0.01) T + (313.4 ± 0.04)). The temperature coefficient is usually taken as +0.9 mV/°C (with [ 44 ] showing 0.83 mV/°C with linear interpolation of measured values); although, from the results, a slight parabolic dependency seems to take place, as confirmed by [ 44 ], Figure 5 .…”

Section: Stray Current Monitoring Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cell potential at room temperature (20 °C) is taken as 316 mV with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE); the more accurate formula reported in [ 44 ] confirms a value of 316.8 mV ( E CSE [mV] = (0.17 ± 0.01) T + (313.4 ± 0.04)). The temperature coefficient is usually taken as +0.9 mV/°C (with [ 44 ] showing 0.83 mV/°C with linear interpolation of measured values); although, from the results, a slight parabolic dependency seems to take place, as confirmed by [ 44 ], Figure 5 . The dependency of CuSO 4 density on temperature is well documented and stable: 1.17 g/mL @ 10 °C, 1.19 g/mL @ 15 °C, 1.21 g/mL @ 25 °C, 1.25 g/mL @ 35 °C and 1.28 g/mL @ 45 °C, as per [ 44 ], 1% larger up to 25 °C in [ 45 ].…”

Section: Stray Current Monitoring Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stray Current Protection and Monitoring Systems: Characteristic Quantities, Assessment of Performance and Verification

Mariscotti

2020

Sensors

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Electrified transportation systems (ETSs) are affected by stray current problems impacting within and outside the right of way on reinforcement, buried metal structures and foundations. Stray current protection systems have recently been integrated in the track structure. Track electrical quantities are, thus, usually measured to assess track insulation and protection efficiency but should be backed up by additional measurements at the affected structures and installations, in order to assess their exposure and risk of corrosion. Ideally, a stray current monitoring system proceeds from the measurement of these quantities, to data collection and archival, to data presentation, analysis and prediction. Feasible sensors and probes, the impact of environmental conditions and uncertainty are considered for the measurement at the physical level. Data analysis is critically reviewed considering the variability of operating conditions and the effectiveness of each quantity as indicator of track insulation and protection efficiency. Given the normal spread of values, for data presentation and interpretation, suitable techniques are considered based on averaging, curve similarity and feature extraction, and also for the task of assessing compliance to limits or reference values and establishing a trend that may drive informed maintenance decision.

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Cu/CuSO4 Solid-State Reference Electrode for Potential Corrosion Measurement on the Reinforcing Steel

Ihsan

Fonna

Huzni

et al. 2022

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

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Copper sulfate reference electrode

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Hydrogel-based flexible micro-reference electrodes for use in alkaline and neutral pH solutions

Hydrogel-based flexible micro-reference electrodes for use in alkaline and neutral pH solutions

Stray Current Protection and Monitoring Systems: Characteristic Quantities, Assessment of Performance and Verification

Cu/CuSO4 Solid-State Reference Electrode for Potential Corrosion Measurement on the Reinforcing Steel

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