Copper toxicity for Scinax ruber and Rhinella granulosa (Amphibia: Anura) of the Amazon: Potential of Biotic Ligand Model to predict toxicity in urban streams

Abstract

In the last years many populations of anurans have declined and extinctions have been recorded. They were related to environmental pollution, changes of land use and emerging diseases. The main objective of this study was to determine copper sensitivity of the anuran of the Amazon Rhinella granulosa and Scinax ruber tadpoles at stage 25 and Scinax ruber eggs exposed for 96 h to copper concentrations ranging from 15 µg Cu L -1 to 94 µg Cu L , respectivamente. O modelo do ligante biótico foi usado para prever os valores de CL 50 para essas duas espécies e pode ser considerado uma ferramenta promissora para essas espécies tropicais e para essas condições de água. A Toxicidade de cobre depende da composição físico-química da água e do estagio larval dos girinos. O estadio 19-21 de Gosner (relacionados ao aparecimento das brânquias externas) são os mais vulnerável e o estagio de ovo é o mais resistente. Em caso de contaminação por cobre, os igarapés naturais devem ter uma atenção especial, uma vez que o cobre é mais biodisponível nesse ambiente. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: anfíbios, CL 50 -96h, cobre, BLM, poluição das águas.

Preface: ADAPTA—adaptations of aquatic biota of the Amazon

“…These fish species developed a wide range of adaptations at all levels of the biological organization to thrive in these dynamic extreme environments (Val & Almeida-Val, 1995;Gonzalez et al, 1998;Wood et al, 1998;Barletta et al, 2010;Duarte et al, 2013;Kochhann et al, 2013;Val et al, 2015;Prado-Lima & Val, 2016). Similarly, these adaptations to local conditions have been described for microorganisms, fungi, plankton, algae, plants, insects, crustaceans, amphibians, and a multitude of aquatic invertebrates (Couceiro et al, 2011;Junk et al, 2011;Franco-de-Sá & Val, 2014;Hamada et al, 2014;Lopes et al, 2016a). However, will these adaptations and abilities allow these organisms to survive future environmental changes, which make their environments even more challenging?…”

Proximate Composition, Predictive Analysis and Allometric Relationships, of the Edible Water Frog (Pelophylax epeiroticus) in Lake Pamvotida (Northwest Greece)

“…Adult anurans have highly permeable skin [13], making them sensitive to various environmental stressors (including toxins of anthropogenic origin). The latest research has indicated that human industrial activity (e.g., mining, agriculture) is amongst the main reasons for the decline of amphibian anuran populations [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”