Coprostanol as an indicator of fecal pollution

Walker, Robert; Wun, C.K.; Litsky, Warren; Dutka, B. J.

doi:10.1080/10643388209381695

Cited by 115 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…They are organic molecules of biological origin, and are useful since their complex structure reveals information about the organisms from which they originated (Peters et al, 2005). Fecal sterols are a typical example, and are considered the "fingerprints" of fecal pollution due to their distribution in human and animal feces (Walker et al, 1982). In addition, due to their hydrophobic nature, sterols are easily associated with particulate material and sediment (Fattore et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of historical fecal contamination in Curitiba, Brazil, in the last 400 years using fecal sterols

Machado

Froehner

Sánez

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of historical fecal contamination in Curitiba, Brazil, in the last 400 years using fecal sterols

Machado

Froehner

Sánez

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Many of these studies focused on establishing a relationship between faecal sterol concentrations and levels of other (mostly microbiological) indicators of faecal pollution. Walker et al (1982) considered that most of the studies they reviewed showed a close correlation between faecal sterol concentrations and overall levels of faecal pollution, but Dureth et al (1986) maintained that these studies showed no stable and significant correlation between faecal sterol and indicator bacteria concentrations. More recently, Nichols et al (1993) found good correlations for water and sediment samples between coprostanol and two faecal indicator organisms-faecal coliforms and Clostridium perfringens spores.…”

Section: Presence In Faeces Effluents and Contaminated Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The earlier investigations, as reviewed by Walker et al (1982), made no attempt to differentiate between faecal sources. Murtaugh & Bunch (1967) showed that coprostanol was found in water polluted with both sewage and farm run-off.…”

Section: Use As Faecal Source Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier studies were reviewed by Walker et al (1982), and more recent investigations include those of Brown & Wade (1984), Dureth et al (1986), andNichols et al (1993). Many of these studies focused on establishing a relationship between faecal sterol concentrations and levels of other (mostly microbiological) indicators of faecal pollution.…”

Section: Presence In Faeces Effluents and Contaminated Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distinguishing human from animal faecal contamination in water: A review

Sinton¹,

Finlay²,

Hannah³

1998

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

159

125

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Management of faecal contamination of water would be improved if sources could be accurately identified through water analysis. Human faeces are generally perceived as constituting a greater human health risk than animal faeces, but reliable epidemiological evidence is lacking. United States waterborne disease data suggest that humanspecific enteric viruses account for over half the documented outbreaks. However, in New Zealand, where there is a high grazing animal:human ratio (increasing the relative importance of watertransmissible zoonoses), it seems prudent to assume that human and animal faecal pollution both constitute a risk to human health. Irrespective of the relative risks, the ability to identify sources would assist in overall management of microbial water quality. Faecal streptococci do not appear to provide reliable faecal source identification. Human and animal sources, respectively, maybe distinguishable by two tests on Bifidobacterium spp.-growth at 45°C in trypticase phytone yeast broth and sorbitol fermentation. Different species of Bacteroides tend to be present in humans and animals, but poor survival in water is a problem. Phages of the M97014

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“…Mean average retention times in all biosolids samples for compounds of Figure 2. Cholestane-based sterols are commonly formed as reduction products of cholesterol (cholest-5-en-3β-ol) in the intestinal tracts of higher mammals by anaerobic microbial hydrogenation (Walker et al, 1982). Among aromatic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were below the detection limit.…”

Section: Characterization Of Biosolids´ Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of organic compounds from biosolids of Buenos Aires city

Torri

Alberti²

2012

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

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SummaryThe use of biosolids as a source of organic matter improves the physical and chemical properties of agricultural soils, resulting in an increase in crop yields. In previous studies, between 29-45% of sludge-borne carbon was recalcitrant a year after land application of biosolids from Buenos Aires City. Although high concentrations of some persistent organic pollutants have been worldwide reported to be present in this waste, this study has not been addressed in Argentina until now. Therefore, our aim was to characterize the organic compounds in Buenos Aires City´s biosolids. Different extracting solvents were evaluated for ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). Results indicated that the combination of hexane: acetone (3:2, v/v) showed the highest extractability, allowing the identification of a wide range of organic compounds, without a clean-up or a pre-concentration step. The organic compounds mainly consisted of fatty acids, n-alkanes and steroids, with concentrations of persistent organic pollutants below detection limits. We conclude that the recalcitrant organic fraction reported in previous research is mainly due to the presence of stable sterols.

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Coprostanol as an indicator of fecal pollution

Cited by 115 publications

References 89 publications

Assessment of historical fecal contamination in Curitiba, Brazil, in the last 400 years using fecal sterols

Assessment of historical fecal contamination in Curitiba, Brazil, in the last 400 years using fecal sterols

Distinguishing human from animal faecal contamination in water: A review

Characterization of organic compounds from biosolids of Buenos Aires city

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