Copulation Exerts Significant Effects on mRNA Expression of Cryptochrome Genes in a Moth

Xu, Jin; Gao, Bo; Shi, Min‐Rui; Yu, Hong; Huang, Ling-Yan; Chen, Peng; Yong-he, LI

doi:10.1093/jisesa/iez016

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…Sexual activities of many moth species, such as female calling, male response to female sex pheromones, and mating, show specific circadian rhythms (Groot, 2014;Brady et al, 2021). The copulation behavior has a significant effect on cry1 mRNA expression in Spodoptera litura (tobacco cutworm, Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Xu et al, 2019), which indicates an important role of the circadian clock in reproduction. Cry1-KO showed a significantly lower intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproduction rate (R 0 ), finite increase rate (λ), and longer mean generation time (T) than G88.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In L. striatellus, suppression of cry1 still maintains a circadian behavioral rhythm under light/dark cycles but results in a reduced locomotor rhythmicity under constant darkness (Jiang et al, 2018). Cyclical locomotor activity coincides with rhythmic feeding behavior in insects (Eckel-Mahan & Sassone-Corsi, 2013), and some other insect behaviors, such as egg hatching (Tao et al, 2017;Nartey et al, 2021), larval growth (Suszczynska et al, 2017), adult emergence (De et al, 2012;Nartey et al, 2021), and reproductive capacity (Tobback et al, 2011;Xu et al, 2019) are influenced by the circadian clock, indicating that growth and development of insects are regulated by the circadian clock. CRY1 is also critical in mediating light regulation of growth and development in plants (Lin & Shalitin, 2003;Wang & Lin, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, 2011; Xu et al. , 2019) are influenced by the circadian clock, indicating that growth and development of insects are regulated by the circadian clock. CRY1 is also critical in mediating light regulation of growth and development in plants (Lin & Shalitin, 2003; Wang & Lin, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knockout of cryptochrome 1 disturbs the locomotor circadian rhythm and development of Plutella xylostella

Chen

Wang

et al. 2022

Insect Science

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Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) functions as a light-responsive photoreceptor, which is crucial for circadian rhythms. The identity and function of CRY1 in Plutella xylostella remain unknown. In this study, cry1 was cloned and identified in P. xylostella. Then, a cry1-knockout strain (Cry1-KO) of P. xylostella with a 2-bp deletion was established from the strain Geneva 88 (G88) using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. No daily temporal oscillation of cry1 was observed in G88 and Cry1-KO, and cry1 mean daily transcription of Cry1-KO was lower than that of G88. Both G88 and Cry1-KO demonstrated rhythmic locomotion under the light/dark condition with Cry1-KO being more active than G88 in the daytime, whereas Cry1-KO completely lost rhythmicity under constant darkness. The developmental period of pre-adult of Cry1-KO was longer than that of G88; the lifespan of the Cry1-KO male adult was shorter than that of G88; the fecundity of Cry1-KO was lower than that of G88; and Cry1-KO showed lower intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproduction rate (R 0 ), finite increase rate (λ), and longer mean generation time (T) than G88. Our results indicate that cry1 is involved in the regulation of locomotor circadian rhythm and development in P. xylostella, providing a potential target gene for controlling the pest and a basis for further investigation on circadian rhythms in lepidopterans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knockout of cryptochrome 1 disturbs the locomotor circadian rhythm and development of Plutella xylostella

Chen

Wang

et al. 2022

Insect Science

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“…On the other hand, the gene cry2 had its expression modified in male tissues depending on the condition studied. cry2 is believed to function as a transcriptional repressor [ 23 24 ] and has been implicated in the regulation of insect behavior, including reproductive behavior [ 38 ]. The RNA expression profiles of cry2 were described in female heads of Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, it is known that CYC has an important role in the regulation of output genes [ 37 ]. The gene cry2 , not found in Drosophila , has been cited as a gene with variable expression in previous literature on mosquitoes and other organisms [ 21 ] and has been indicated to be a transcriptional repressor acting on the regulation of reproductive behavior in a species of moth [ 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Males of Aedes aegypti show different clock gene expression profiles in the presence of conspecific females

Bezerra

Bruno²,

Araripe³

2022

Parasites Vectors

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Background The study of behavioral and physiological traits in mosquitoes has been mainly focused on females since males are not hematophagous and thus do not transfer the parasites that cause diseases in human populations. However, the performance of male mosquitoes is key for the expansion of populations and the perpetuation of mosquito species. Pre-copulatory communication between males and females is the initial and essential step for the success of copulation and studying the male facet of this interaction provides fertile ground for the improvement of vector control strategies. Like in most animals, reproduction, feeding, and oviposition are closely associated with locomotor activity in mosquitoes. Rhythmic cycles of locomotor activity have been previously described in Aedes aegypti, and in females, they are known to be altered by blood-feeding and arbovirus infection. In previous work, we found that males in the presence of females significantly change their locomotor activity profiles, with a shift in the phase of the activity peak. Here, we investigated whether this shift is associated with changes in the expression level of three central circadian clock genes. Methods Real-time PCR reactions were performed for the gene period, cycle, and cryptochrome 2 in samples of heads, antennae, and abdominal tips of solitary males and males in the presence of females. Assays with antennae-ablated males were also performed, asking whether this is an essential organ mediating the communication and the variation in activity profiles. Results The gene period showed a conserved expression pattern in all tissues and conditions, while the other two genes varied according to the male condition. A remarking pattern was observed in cry2, where the difference between the amplitude of expression at the beginning of photophase and the expression peak in the scotophase was greater when males were in the presence of females. Antennae ablation in males did not have a significant effect on the expression profiles, suggesting that female recognition may involve other senses besides hearing and olfaction. Conclusion Our results suggest that the expression of gene cryptochrome 2 varies in association with the interaction between males and females. Graphical abstract

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Mating-Induced Differential Expression in Genes Related to Reproduction and Immunity in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Female Moths

Gao

Song

et al. 2020

Journal of Insect Science

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Mating promotes reproductive activity, which may impact immune performance. Paradoxically, mating frequently challenges females’ immunity (e.g., infections). Therefore, studies of postmating resource allocation between reproduction and survival are likely to shed new light on life-history trade-off and sexual selection. Here, we used RNAseq to test whether and how mating affected mRNA expression in genes related to reproduction and immunity in Spodoptera litura female moths. Results show a divergent change in the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between reproduction and immunity: the immune response was largely downregulated shortly after mating (~6 h postmating), which has some recovery at 24 h postmating; reproductive response is trivial shortly after mating (~6 h postmating), but it largely upregulated at 24 h postmating (e.g., egg maturation related genes were highly upregulated). Considering the fact that most of the total DEGs downregulated from 0 to 6 h postmating (from 51/68 to 214/260) but most of the total DEGs upregulated at 24 h postmating (816/928), it is possible that trade-offs between reproduction and immunity occurred in mated females. For example, they may shut down immunity to favor sperm storage and save limited resources to support the increased energy required in reproduction (e.g., egg maturation and oviposition). Mating-induced infections should be trivial due to low polyandry in S. litura. A reduced immune defense may have no threat to S. litura survival but may benefit reproduction significantly. Furthermore, obvious expression changes were detected in genes related to hormone production, suggesting that endocrine changes could play important roles in postmating responses.

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Copulation Exerts Significant Effects on mRNA Expression of Cryptochrome Genes in a Moth

Cited by 6 publications

References 51 publications

Knockout of cryptochrome 1 disturbs the locomotor circadian rhythm and development of Plutella xylostella

Knockout of cryptochrome 1 disturbs the locomotor circadian rhythm and development of Plutella xylostella

Males of Aedes aegypti show different clock gene expression profiles in the presence of conspecific females

Mating-Induced Differential Expression in Genes Related to Reproduction and Immunity in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Female Moths

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