Copulatory Behavior Can Inhibit Pregnancy in Female Rats

Adler, Norman T.; Zoloth, Stephen

doi:10.1126/science.168.3938.1480

Cited by 90 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…From subsequent studies (Adler, 1969;Adler and Zoloth, 1970), we discovered that a number of preejaculatory intromissions were necessary to induce the normal transport of sperm from the vagina into the uterus of female rats that had just received an ejaculation.…”

Section: Behavioral Induction Of Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…) It was also discovered that a period of behavioral quiescence by the male following ejaculation is necessary for the process of sperm transport in the female to be completed. Maximal numbers of sperm do not reach the uterus until six to eight minutes following ejaculation (Adler and Zoloth, 1970;Matthews and Adler, 1977). If, during this time, a female rat receives copulatory intromissions, the number of sperm in the uterus are reduced, and the size of her litter is diminished (Adler, 1974).…”

Section: Behavioral Induction Of Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second male's sperm would then be deposited upon his ejaculation and could fertilize the ova. To test this possibility, we arranged a series of mating tests involving albino female rats (Adler and Zoloth, 1970). An albino female was allowed to mate first with an albino male and was then mated with a pigmented male for a second ejaculatory series.…”

Section: Behavioral Induction Of Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If, however, 45-60 minutes elapse between copulations, only 23% of the offsprings are pigmented. Therefore, a male rat can, if he begins copulating soon 49 SEX AND AGGRESSION 50 NORMAN T. ADLER enough, prevent the insemination of a given female by another male that had copulated previously (Adler and Zoloth, 1970). Thus, for effective sperm transport, the female rat must have no cervical stimulation for several minutes after receiving an ejaculation.…”

Section: Behavioral Induction Of Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Behavior and Communication

Marler¹,

Vandenbergh²

1979

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Main entry undcr titlc: Social behavior and communication. (Handbook of bchavioral neurobiology; v. 3) Includes bibliographics and index. l. Social behavior in anima.ls. 2. Animal communication. I. Marler, Peter Robert. II. Vandenbergh,J. G. nI. Serie,. QL775.S6 599'.05'9 79·308 ISB N 978-1-46 15-91 18-4 ISBN 978-1-4615·9 11 6-0 (eBook) e 1979 Ple num Press, New York Softcover reprint of the bardcover 1st edition 1979 All rights reserved No part of this boo k may be reproduccd, storcd in a retrieval sySlcm, or transmitted, in any fonn or by any mcans, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from thc Publisher v ix PREFACE x PREFACEwith which it interacts. We thank the authors for their cooperation and forbearance in the gestation process. Of many colleagues who have aided us in its preparation, we are especially indebted for help and advice to

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Section: Behavioral Induction Of Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Behavioral Induction Of Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Behavioral Induction Of Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Behavioral Induction Of Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Behavior and Communication

Marler¹,

Vandenbergh²

1979

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“…So for organisms with high C, like man, fig. 1 suggests that Eliasson et al, 1967), f Capra (C, Datta, 1970), g Cavia, h Cricetulus, j Drosophila, k Fells (C, Robinson, 1959), 1 Homo, m Locusta, n Macaca mulatta, o Macaca neme.trina, p Me.wcricetus, q Mus, r Oryctolagus, s Ovis, u Rattus (R, Adler and Zoloth, 1970), v Schistocerca, w Steatococcus, x Sus, y DaMbomina (R and C, Wilkes, 1965), z Aculus (R and C, Oldfield et al, 1972 grains per seedfmean chiasma frequency for Prunus avium. X and Y are total egg production/mean chiasma frequency for Crasso.trea ("R" and C, Longwell and Stiles, 1968) and Mtilus ("R" and C, Ahmed and Sparks, 1970).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cross-overs, sperm redundancy and their close association

Cohen

1973

Heredity

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SUMMARYNumbers of cbiasmata in the production of each gamete are closely related to the proportion of gametes which fail to function (r = 081 for 24 species).Gamete redundancy and chiasma frequency fail to correlate with chromosome number, DNA weight/nucleus, or the weight or age of the animal at puberty, as closely as with each other. Implications and corollaries are considered, and it is concluded that most gametes are functionless by-products of a necessarily faulty production system. IN 1967 I suggested that a faulty process associated with chiasmata (crossingovers) might account for the large excess of gametes, particularly sperms. This might have gone undetected by geneticists because all zygotes examined (usually as adults) would show no evidence of such faults, if gametes with these faults never fertilise. So production as well as utilisation errors might lead to wastage of the majority of gametes (Cohen, 1967).Comparison of the logarithm of sperm" redundancy " with the number of chiasmata involved in the production of each sperm, for a variety of species, could test this idea. As chiasma number increases linearly, so the proportion of non-faulty sperms would fall exponentially, and so the total number required for each fertilisation would rise exponentially. In 1967 I had only located mean chiasma frequency (C) and sperm redundancy (R) for seven species. One unpublished chiasma frequency and a preliminary sperm number investigation gave nine points and a correlation coefficient r = 090.Since then I have found many more figures, and the picture they produce is a very significant one ( fig. 1). There are 33 points for 24 animal species, and correlation coefficient r = 0.87 (and Spearman rank correlation is 0.81) if different workers with the same species are considered separately, or 08 1 (and 0.77) if they are considered together as a mean for the species. For 28 degrees of freedom P <000001 (some points are not independent) and for 22 degrees of freedom P<0O001. There is therefore no question that mean chiasma frequency and sperm redundancy are very highly associated.If this association does reflect causality, if a chiasma-associated phenomenon requires multiplicity of sperms because only a fraction" work ", then the regression of Log R on C gives more information. The slope of the association is a measure of the increase of Log R for one cross-over, and suggests that a third (0.29) of chiasmata give unacceptable products. The height of the line, as judged by the Y intercept, suggests that utilisation problems on average require about fifty "good" sperms to be offered for one to fertilise. So for organisms with high C, like man, fig. 1 grains per seedfmean chiasma frequency for Prunus avium. X and Y are total egg production/mean chiasma frequency for Crasso.trea ("R" and C, Longwell and Stiles, 1968) and Mtilus ("R" and C, Ahmed and Sparks, 1970). there would be about a hundred of these in a normal human ejaculate.Correlations do not necessarily reflect direct causality; both R and C might be depende...

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Different outcomes of sperm competition in right and left sides of the female reproductive tract revealed by thymidine‐³H‐labeled spermatozoa in the rat

Špinka¹

1988

Gamete Research

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We attempted to record directly the results of sperm competition between two male rats in samples from female reproductive tracts. Gametes of 7 male rats were labeled in vivo by repeated injections of thymidine-6-3H. 33 females were mated successively with one of the injected males and with a noninjected male, or vice versa. Samples of the resulting sperm mixtures were recovered from both the uterine horns and the oviducts of the females. Pure samples of the injected males' sperm were obtained from uterine horns of females mated solely to them. Smears of samples were evaluated autoradiographically. Except for one male, the injections resulted in a broad peak of sperm labeling with maximum intensity on days 56-58 postinjection. This labeling enabled the assessing of contribution of either male to uterine and tubal sperm in the competitive matings. The injections did not influence competitive ability of male gametes in terms of sperm transport to horns or oviducts. The outcomes of sperm competition were significantly different in the right and left sides in most female subjects. Nevertheless, the outcomes were usually similar in a horn and a tube on the same side of the body. In vivo sperm labeling appears to be a useful method in the study of rodent sperm competition.

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Copulatory Behavior Can Inhibit Pregnancy in Female Rats

Cited by 90 publications

References 9 publications

Social Behavior and Communication

Social Behavior and Communication

Cross-overs, sperm redundancy and their close association

Different outcomes of sperm competition in right and left sides of the female reproductive tract revealed by thymidine‐³H‐labeled spermatozoa in the rat

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Copulatory Behavior Can Inhibit Pregnancy in Female Rats

Cited by 90 publications

References 9 publications

Social Behavior and Communication

Social Behavior and Communication

Cross-overs, sperm redundancy and their close association

Different outcomes of sperm competition in right and left sides of the female reproductive tract revealed by thymidine‐3H‐labeled spermatozoa in the rat

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Product

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Different outcomes of sperm competition in right and left sides of the female reproductive tract revealed by thymidine‐³H‐labeled spermatozoa in the rat