“…Despite the presence of CNVs in healthy individuals, they have also been associated with changes in gene expression, alterations in gene dosage, and a wide range of other outcomes, including the onset of disease (Redon et al, 2006;Zarrei et al, 2015). For example, pathogenic CNVs have been associated with congenital malformations (Di Gregorio et al, 2015), schizophrenia (Marshall et al, 2017), and environmental exposures (Du et al, 2017;Martinez et al, 2010), among others (Cuccaro, De Marco, Cittadella, & Cavallaro, 2017;Poniah et al, 2017;Quintela et al, 2017). Thus, the ability to identify and characterize CNVs as pathogenic or benign may provide novel insight into a variety of adverse health outcomes.…”