Copyright Protection for 3D Printing by Embedding Information Inside Real Fabricated Objects

Suzuki, Michitaka; Silapasuphakornwong, Piyarat; Uehira, Kazutake; Unno, Hiroshi; Takashima, Yuki

doi:10.5220/0005342401800185

Cited by 15 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The accuracy of this method is very low because the scanned 3D triangle mesh has many errors in the scanning process and the spread spectrum of a 3D triangle mesh is altered after its transformation to the frequency domain. M. Suzuki et al [16] presented a method to protect the copyright of 3D printed objects. This method is applied to 3D printers.…”

Section: D Model Watermarkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means we could consider that the accuracy of Yamazaki method is 12.8%. In Suzuki's method [16], the watermark data is embedded into the 3D printed object in the 3D printing process by a halogen light and laser system. It requires a complex hardware system, but it could not embed all expected watermark bits inside the 3D printed object.…”

Section: Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The issue in 3D printing watermarking is how to embed watermark data into 3D printing models and then extract the embedded watermark data from the scanned 3D triangle mesh of a 3D printed object or extract the embedded watermark data from a watermarked 3D printing model in 3D printing processing. For direction on how to extract the embedded watermark data from the scanned 3D triangle mesh of a 3D printed object, some techniques have been recently proposed by some authors [15,16]. These techniques had to use a 3D Scanner in order to scan and construct a 3D triangle mesh from a 3D printed object.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A 3D Printing Model Watermarking Algorithm Based on 3D Slicing and Feature Points

et al. 2018

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Abstract:With the increase of three-dimensional (3D) printing applications in many areas of life, a large amount of 3D printing data is copied, shared, and used several times without any permission from the original providers. Therefore, copyright protection and ownership identification for 3D printing data in communications or commercial transactions are practical issues. This paper presents a novel watermarking algorithm for 3D printing models based on embedding watermark data into the feature points of a 3D printing model. Feature points are determined and computed by the 3D slicing process along the Z axis of a 3D printing model. The watermark data is embedded into a feature point of a 3D printing model by changing the vector length of the feature point in OXY space based on the reference length. The x and y coordinates of the feature point will be then changed according to the changed vector length that has been embedded with a watermark. Experimental results verified that the proposed algorithm is invisible and robust to geometric attacks, such as rotation, scaling, and translation. The proposed algorithm provides a better method than the conventional works, and the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is much higher than previous methods.

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Section: D Model Watermarkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A 3D Printing Model Watermarking Algorithm Based on 3D Slicing and Feature Points

et al. 2018

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“…We previously proposed and evaluated a technique for protecting copyrights of digital data for 3-D printing [9], [10]. In this technique, copyright information is first embedded in the digital data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Number of Detectable Gradations in X-Ray Photographs of Cavities Inside 3-D Printed Objects

Suzuki

Silapasuphakornwong

Takashima³

et al. 2017

IEICE Trans. Inf. & Syst.

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SUMMARYWe evaluated a technique for protecting the copyright of digital data for 3-D printing. To embed copyright information, the inside of a 3-D printed object is constructed from fine domains that have different physical characteristics from those of the object's main body surrounding them, and to read out the embedded information, these fine domains inside the objects are detected using nondestructive inspections such as Xray photography or thermography. In the evaluation, copyright information embedded inside the 3-D printed object was expressed using the depth of fine cavities inside the object, and X-ray photography were used for reading them out from the object. The test sample was a cuboid 46 mm wide, 42 mm long, and 20 mm deep. The cavities were 2 mm wide and 2 mm long. The difference in the depths of the cavities appeared as a difference in the luminance in the X-ray photographs, and 21 levels of depth could be detected on the basis of the difference in luminance. These results indicate that under the conditions of the experiment, each cavity expressed 4 to 5 bits of information with its depth. We demonstrated that the proposed technique had the possibility of embedding a sufficient volume of information for expressing copyright information by using the depths of cavities.

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“…Looking at 3D printing security techniques, watermarking methods have recently been proposed [3][4][5]. However, watermarking techniques do not alter the shape of 3D printing models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpolating Spline Curve-Based Perceptual Encryption for 3D Printing Models

2018

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With the development of 3D printing technology, 3D printing has recently been applied to many areas of life including healthcare and the automotive industry. Due to the benefit of 3D printing, 3D printing models are often attacked by hackers and distributed without agreement from the original providers. Furthermore, certain special models and anti-weapon models in 3D printing must be protected against unauthorized users. Therefore, in order to prevent attacks and illegal copying and to ensure that all access is authorized, 3D printing models should be encrypted before being transmitted and stored. A novel perceptual encryption algorithm for 3D printing models for secure storage and transmission is presented in this paper. A facet of 3D printing model is extracted to interpolate a spline curve of degree 2 in three-dimensional space that is determined by three control points, the curvature coefficients of degree 2, and an interpolating vector. Three control points, the curvature coefficients, and interpolating vector of the spline curve of degree 2 are encrypted by a secret key. The encrypted features of the spline curve are then used to obtain the encrypted 3D printing model by inverse interpolation and geometric distortion. The results of experiments and evaluations prove that the entire 3D triangle model is altered and deformed after the perceptual encryption process. The proposed algorithm is responsive to the various formats of 3D printing models. The results of the perceptual encryption process is superior to those of previous methods. The proposed algorithm also provides a better method and more security than previous methods.

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Copyright Protection for 3D Printing by Embedding Information Inside Real Fabricated Objects

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

A 3D Printing Model Watermarking Algorithm Based on 3D Slicing and Feature Points

A 3D Printing Model Watermarking Algorithm Based on 3D Slicing and Feature Points

Number of Detectable Gradations in X-Ray Photographs of Cavities Inside 3-D Printed Objects

Interpolating Spline Curve-Based Perceptual Encryption for 3D Printing Models

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