CoQ10 and Resveratrol Effects to Ameliorate Aged-Related Mitochondrial Dysfunctions

Abstract

Mitochondria participate in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Firstly, mitochondria regulate energy metabolism through oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, they are involved in cell fate decisions by activating the apoptotic intrinsic pathway. Finally, they work as intracellular signaling hubs as a result of their tight regulation of ion and metabolite concentrations and other critical signaling molecules such as ROS. Aging is a multifactorial process triggered by impairments in different cellular components. Among the various molecular pathways involved, mitochondria are key regulators of longevity. Indeed, mitochondrial deterioration is a critical signature of the aging process. In this scenario, we will focus specifically on the age-related decrease in CoQ levels, an essential component of the electron transport chain (ETC) and an antioxidant, and how CoQ supplementation could benefit the aging process. Generally, any treatment that improves and sustains mitochondrial functionality is a good candidate to counteract age-related mitochondrial dysfunctions. In recent years, heightened attention has been given to natural compounds that modulate mitochondrial function. One of the most famous is resveratrol due to its ability to increase mitochondrial biogenesis and work as an antioxidant agent. This review will discuss recent clinical trials and meta-analyses based on resveratrol and CoQ supplementation, focusing on how these compounds could improve mitochondrial functionality during aging.

Resveratrol Supplements Reduce the Risk of Aging-Related Cardiac Disease after Cardiorespiratory Fitness

“…Resveratrol is a naturally occurring non-flavonoid polyphenol that exists in many plants, such as grapes, peanuts, and berries [11]. Natural resveratrol is a phytoalexin material to resist the invasion of bacteria produced.…”

The neuroprotective effects of targeting key factors of neuronal cell death in neurodegenerative diseases: The role of ER stress, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation

“…Coenzyme Q10 An antioxidant involved in electron transport chain (Gherardi et al, 2022) Oral HD III Terminated CoQ had no effect on avoiding functional decline in HD patients (Mcgarry et al, 2017)…”

“…Coenzyme Q10 An antioxidant involved in electron transport chain (Gherardi et al, 2022) Oral PD II and III Completed NA…”

“…Coenzyme Q10 An antioxidant involved in electron transport chain (Gherardi et al, 2022) Oral The ER is known as an organelle involved in protein maturation and folding (Read and Schröder, 2021). Toxic protein aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), ROS, and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), can disrupt protein folding processes in the ER lumen, leading to ER stress (Zhang and Kaufman, 2008).…”

The Molecular Mechanism of Polyphenols in the Regulation of Ageing Hallmarks

“…Studies concerning the potential of polyphenols in the modulation of mitochondrial function point to the ability of polyphenol compounds (such as resveratrol, curcumin, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein) to stimulate mechanisms involved in mitophagy, favouring quality control and mitochondrial clearance [ 156 , 157 , 158 , 159 , 160 ]. Several studies have shown that polyphenols, such as resveratrol, have the ability to induce the expression of PGC-1α and mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA), stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis, and increasing the expression of proteins involved in the control of mitochondrial fission/fusion, thus preserving mitochondrial homeostasis [ 63 , 156 , 161 , 162 , 163 , 164 ].…”