CorA: A web-based annotation tool for historical and other non-standard language data

Bollmann, Marcel; Petran, Florian; Dipper, Stefanie; Krasselt, Julia

doi:10.3115/v1/w14-0612

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Although these problems are well known (Dipper et al, 2013a;Bollmann et al, 2014), satisfying solutions are still missing. For our purposes, an annotation tool should provide the following features/labels:…”

Section: Problem Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the graphematic and grammatical variability, those texts are interesting and analytically challenging (Dipper et al, 2013b;Bollmann et al, 2014). Accordingly, many works emerged that deal with the annotation of historical texts.…”

Section: Related Annotation Work and Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, on the basis of statistically significant evidence provided by our tool, the difference between the construction change and the emergence of new constructions can be detected much easier. To face the above-mentioned features, we will extend CorA (Bollmann et al, 2014) instead of starting from scratch.…”

Section: Problem Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a reference corpus Middle Low German/Low Rhenish (1200-1650) was compiled in a collaboration between the German universities of Hamburg and Münster. Additionally, annotation tools ANNIS (Zeldes et al, 2009) and CorA (Bollmann et al, 2014) were introduced. In the context of literature studies, the heureCLÉA project used CATMA (Meister et al, 2017) to annotate their data in correspondence with strict annotation guidelines that cover aspects of uncertainty/ambiguity (Gius and Jacke, 2016).…”

Section: Related Annotation Work and Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Annotation Challenges for Reconstructing the Structural Elaboration of Middle Low German

Seemann¹,

Merten²,

Geierhos³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Joint SIGHUM Workshop on Computational Linguistics for Cultural Heritage, Social Sciences, Humanit

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In this paper, we present the annotation challenges we have encountered when working on a historical language that was undergoing elaboration processes. We especially focus on syntactic ambiguity and gradience in Middle Low German, which causes uncertainty to some extent. Since current annotation tools consider construction contexts and the dynamics of the grammaticalization only partially, we plan to extend CorA -a web-based annotation tool for historical and other nonstandard language data -to capture elaboration phenomena and annotator unsureness. Moreover, we seek to interactively learn morphological as well as syntactic annotations.

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Section: Problem Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Annotation Work and Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Problem Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Annotation Work and Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Annotation Challenges for Reconstructing the Structural Elaboration of Middle Low German

Seemann¹,

Merten²,

Geierhos³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Joint SIGHUM Workshop on Computational Linguistics for Cultural Heritage, Social Sciences, Humanit

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show abstract

“…For the annotation, we made use of the CorA annotation tool (Bollmann et al 2014), a web-based annotation tool specifically developed for tagging historical and non-standard languages. We used an adaptation of the above-mentioned HiTS tagset (Historisches Tagset) (Dipper et al 2013), the HiNTS (Historisches Niederdeutsches Tagset) developed specifically for MLG by the Referenzkorpus Mittelniederdeutsch/Niederrheinisch (https://vs1.corpora.uni-hamburg.de/ren/).…”

Section: Tagsetmentioning

confidence: 99%

An automatic part-of-speech tagger for Middle Low German

Koleva

Farasyn

Desmet

et al. 2017

IJCL

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Syntactically annotated corpora are highly important for enabling large-scale diachronic and diatopic language research. Such corpora have recently been developed for a variety of historical languages, or are still under development. One of those under development is the fully tagged and parsed Corpus of Historical Low German (CHLG), which is aimed at facilitating research into the highly under-researched diachronic syntax of Low German. The present paper reports on a crucial step in creating the corpus, viz. the creation of a part-of-speech tagger for Middle Low German (MLG). Having been transmitted in several non-standardised written varieties, MLG poses a challenge to standard POS taggers, which usually rely on normalized spelling. We outline the major issues faced in the creation of the tagger and present our solutions to them.

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Overview of Annotation Creation: Processes and Tools

Finlayson

Erjavec

2017

Handbook of Linguistic Annotation

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Creating linguistic annotations requires more than just a reliable annotation scheme. Annotation can be a complex endeavour potentially involving many people, stages, and tools. This chapter outlines the process of creating end-toend linguistic annotations, identifying specific tasks that researchers often perform. Because tool support is so central to achieving high quality, reusable annotations with low cost, the focus is on identifying capabilities that are necessary or useful for annotation tools, as well as common problems these tools present that reduce their utility. Although examples of specific tools are provided in many cases, this chapter concentrates more on abstract capabilities and problems because new tools appear continuously, while old tools disappear into disuse or disrepair. The two core capabilities tools must have are support for the chosen annotation scheme and the ability to work on the language under study. Additional capabilities are organized into three categories: those that are widely provided; those that often useful but found in only a few tools; and those that have as yet little or no available tool support.1 Annotation: More than just a scheme Creating manually annotated linguistic corpora requires more than just a reliable annotation scheme. A reliable scheme, of course, is a central ingredient to successful annotation; but even the most carefully designed scheme will not answer a number of practical questions about how to actually create the annotations, progressing from raw linguistic data to annotated linguistic artifacts that can be used to answer interesting questions or do interesting things. Annotation, especially high-quality annotation of large language datasets, can be a complex process potentially involving many people, stages, and tools, and the scheme only specifies the conceptual content of the annotation. By way of example, the following questions are relevant to a text annotation project and are not answered by a scheme: How should linguistic artifacts be prepared? Will the originals be annotated directly, or will their textual content be extracted into separate files for annotation? In the latter case, what layout or formatting will be kept (lines, paragraphs page breaks, section headings, highlighted text)? What file format will be used? How will typographical errors be handled? Will typos be ignored, changed in the original, changed in extracted content, or encoded as an additional annotation? Who will be allowed to make corrections: the annotators themselves, adjudicators, or perhaps only the project manager?  How will annotators be provided artifacts to annotate? How will the order of annotation be specified (if at all), and how will this order be enforced? How will the project manager ensure that each document is annotated the appropriate number of times (e.g., by two different people for double annotation).  What inter-annotator agreement measures (IAAs) will be measured, and when? Will IAAs be measured continuously, on batches, or on other subsets of the...

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CorA: A web-based annotation tool for historical and other non-standard language data

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Annotation Challenges for Reconstructing the Structural Elaboration of Middle Low German

Annotation Challenges for Reconstructing the Structural Elaboration of Middle Low German

An automatic part-of-speech tagger for Middle Low German

Overview of Annotation Creation: Processes and Tools

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