Coral‐Derived Western Pacific Tropical Sea Surface Temperatures During the Last Millennium

Chen, Tianran; Cobb, Kim M.; Roff, George; Zhao, Jian‐xin; Yang, Hongqiang; Hu, Minhang; Zhao, Kun

doi:10.1002/2018gl077619

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Houbihu winter (annual) SST exhibits a range of 0.6 ± 0.2 and 0.45 ± 0.15 °C SST cooling at the end of the LIA (1850 CE, sensu stricto) relative to the twentieth century and the most recent ~30 years, respectively (Table 1). This estimate is within the various LIA cooling estimates from the northern SCS (e.g., 1.1 to 1.5 °C; T. Chen et al, 2018; Deng et al, 2017; H. Yan, Soon, & Wang, 2015); the tropical western Pacific (e.g., 0.5 to 1.5 °C; Newton et al, 2006; Oppo et al, 2009); subtropical western Pacific (e.g., 0.4 °C; W. Wu et al, 2012); and the south Pacific (e.g., 1.4 °C; Corrège et al, 2001) during the peak LIA period (~1700 CE), consistent with those from the tropical and subtropical Atlantic records (i.e., 1 to 2 °C; Goodkin et al, 2008; T. Watanabe et al, 2001). SST cooling during the LIA is currently considered a synchronous global event (e.g., Hendy et al, 2002; Rosenthal et al, 2013) linked to minimum solar irradiance and high volcanic activity (Bradley & Jones, 1993; Crowley, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Temperate and high‐latitude paleoclimate records indicate cooling of about 0.5 to 5 °C relative to present (Goodkin et al, 2008; Mann et al, 1999; Overpeck et al, 1997). Extensive evidence also exists for cooling in the tropics (e.g., T. Chen et al, 2018; DeLong et al, 2012, 2013; Deng et al, 2017; Newton et al, 2006; Oppo et al, 2009; Watanabe et al, 2001; Yan, Soon, & Wang, 2015) and high‐latitude Southern Hemisphere (e.g., Bradley & Jones, 1993). Depending on location, proxy reconstructions mostly from corals, bivalves, marine sediments, and foraminifera in this region reveal a period of cooling, between 0.5 and 2 °C lower than present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, several coral‐derived climate reconstructions beyond the LIA (e.g., Calvo et al, 2007; D'Arrigo, Wilson, Palmer, et al, 2006; DeLong et al, 2012; Hendy et al, 2002; Lough, 2011) have complemented other marine and terrestrial‐derived reconstructions in the region (e.g., D'Arrigo, Wilson, Palmer, et al, 2006; Deng et al, 2017; Yan, Wei, et al, 2015) to examine the drivers of spatiotemporal changes in hydrological processes in the western Pacific. However, most of these long (i.e., >100 years) coral‐derived records are concentrated in the south equatorial, western, and central tropical Pacific regions (Tierney et al, 2015, and references therein), with sparse coverage around the northern extent of the WPWP region (e.g., T. Chen et al, 2018; Deng et al, 2013; Deng et al, 2017; Ramos et al, 2019), potentially creating a bias in the observed spatiotemporal variability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coral Records at the Northern Edge of the Western Pacific Warm Pool Reveal Multiple Drivers of Sea Surface Temperature, Salinity, and Rainfall Variability Since the End of the Little Ice Age

Ramos

Goodkin

Fan

2020

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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Reconstructions of key climate parameters prior to anthropogenic influences serve to constrain decadal to multicentury natural climate variability. In the western Pacific region, relatively few reconstructions exist north of the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP), a region critical to global climate. In this study, we collected a coral core from Houbihu, southern Taiwan, and generated a 225-year reconstruction of annual and wintertime sea surface temperature, dry season sea surface salinity, and wet season rainfall records derived from paired Porites Sr/Ca and δ 18 O profiles extending back to the end of the Little Ice Age (1850 CE). Multidecadal sea surface temperature trends generally track regional surface temperature reconstructions, indicating the dominant influence of solar and volcanic radiative forcings. Reconstructed dry season sea surface salinity reflects an advection signal linked to the East Asian Winter Monsoon and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, both influencing variations in the Kuroshio Intrusion across the Luzon Strait. Reconstructed wet season rainfall, on the other hand, reveals influence of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation on the decadal variability of local and regional rainfall patterns. Relative to the late 1900s, our climate reconstructions document cooler and drier (high salinity and low rainfall) conditions during the end of the Little Ice Age, supporting other lines of evidence of a retracted WPWP region during this period. In the late 20th to early 21st century, our climate reconstructions record warming and freshening (low salinity and high rainfall) trends, highlighting the potential impact of anthropogenic forcing in the extension of the WPWP.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coral Records at the Northern Edge of the Western Pacific Warm Pool Reveal Multiple Drivers of Sea Surface Temperature, Salinity, and Rainfall Variability Since the End of the Little Ice Age

Ramos

Goodkin

Fan

2020

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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“…Substantial decreases of up to ~4 °C during cool intervals, for example, LIA and ~1,200–2,500 year BP in our SST record (Figure a), appear to be abnormally high compared with ~1–2 °C cooling at the same intervals across the open ocean of the northern SCS and western tropical Pacific (Chen et al, ; Lin et al, ; Oppo et al, ). Although tropical climate (e.g., El Niño–Southern Oscillation) modulates SST over the northern SCS, the small range out of which (~0.2 °C as observed from instrumental data sets) strongly excludes a major role of El Niño–Southern Oscillation variability in such a large amplitude of cooling at our site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Asian Winter Monsoon Imprint on Holocene SST Changes at the Northern Coast of the South China Sea

Zhang

Zhu

Huang

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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Independent inference of the Asian winter monsoon (AWM), albeit achieved at several sparse sites, has reached no consensus for its variability through the Holocene. A sediment core from the northern coast of the South China Sea (SCS) was utilized to analyze organic biomarkers at (bi‐)decadal resolution, unveiling how SCS oceanic conditions fingerprint the AWM signal. Generally, alkenone sea surface temperature (SST) record, resembling the temporal structures of integrated tropical SST over the past 7,500 years, shows abnormal cool temperatures (up to ~4 °C) during the Little Ice Age and between ~1,200 and 2,500 years BP, when windborne terrigenous hopane compounds experienced considerable increases superimposed on a general increasing trend. Our results, together with augmented SST gradient between the SCS coast and open ocean, consistently suggest AWM strengthening toward the late Holocene. An intensified AWM during cold intervals like the Little Ice Age would have provided strong positive feedback to enhance coastal cooling.

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“…Although this general approach was initially validated for Sr/Ca at high temporal resolution and high precision (<0.05% 2σ; Alibert & McCulloch, 1997;Beck et al, 1992), the wider application of coral paleothermometry, especially in the fossil record, has been hampered by the need for colony-specific calibrations (Alibert & McCulloch, 1997;Corrège, 2006). Furthermore, with some notable exceptions (Corrège et al, 2004;DeLong et al, 2010;Felis et al, 2004Felis et al, , 2012Felis et al, , 2014, there is a paucity of suitable massive fossil colonies in the geologic record, being mainly restricted to high sea level stands in the Holocene (Chen et al, 2018;Cobb et al, 2003;Xu et al, 2018;Yu et al, 2004) or Last Intergalacial (McCulloch, 1999;McCulloch & Esat, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of Sr/Ca, Li/Mg and Sr‐U Paleothermometry in Branching and Foliose Corals

Ross

DeCarlo

McCulloch

2019

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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Coral skeletons are the most commonly used high‐resolution temperature proxy in the tropical oceans, providing paleoclimate reconstructions dating back centuries to millennia. However, physiological differences in skeletal formation modes together with artifacts arising from coral biomineralization (vital effects) can confound the temperature dependence of single element‐to‐calcium ratios. In efforts to reduce vital effects and isolate temperature, new approaches have been developed based on Sr‐U and Li/Mg, which combine Sr/Ca and U/Ca and Li/Ca and Mg/Ca, respectively. Here we examine the systematics of Sr/Ca, Sr‐U, and Li/Mg paleothermometry in 33 colonies of branching (Acropora, Pocillopora, and Stylophora) and foliose (Turbinaria) genera. To address the calibration of these morphologically complex calcifiers, we conducted repeat field trips every 1 to 3 months and collected the most recent (~1 month) uppermost growth of individual colonies over ~18‐ to 24‐month periods. This enables seasonally resolved calibration of genera that exhibit rapid extension and slower secondary calcification. Based on this experimental design, we show that all three proxies capture seasonal to annual temperature variations for their respective growth intervals, providing calibrations across an 11 °C range. Species effects on the temperature dependence were largest for Sr/Ca (22.7%) yet minor for Li/Mg (7.2%) and Sr‐U (6.3%). Residuals from proxy‐temperature regressions were correlated between Sr/Ca and Li/Mg, indicating similar biological processes may influence Sr/Ca and Li/Mg thermometry. The implications of this study are that Sr‐U and to a lesser extent Li/Mg are applicable to fossil branching coral skeletons identified to genus level without the need for modern‐day calibration. We further show that all three paleothermometers provide complementary temperature constraints, with Li/Mg and the more species‐dependent Sr/Ca showing greater effectiveness at resolving seasonal variability and Sr‐U showing greater reliability at capturing mean annual temperature.

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Coral‐Derived Western Pacific Tropical Sea Surface Temperatures During the Last Millennium

Cited by 36 publications

References 75 publications

Coral Records at the Northern Edge of the Western Pacific Warm Pool Reveal Multiple Drivers of Sea Surface Temperature, Salinity, and Rainfall Variability Since the End of the Little Ice Age

Coral Records at the Northern Edge of the Western Pacific Warm Pool Reveal Multiple Drivers of Sea Surface Temperature, Salinity, and Rainfall Variability Since the End of the Little Ice Age

Asian Winter Monsoon Imprint on Holocene SST Changes at the Northern Coast of the South China Sea

Calibration of Sr/Ca, Li/Mg and Sr‐U Paleothermometry in Branching and Foliose Corals

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