Coral Echinoporalamellosa hosts multiple clades of symbionts in Western Alas Strait, Indonesia

Bachtiar, Imam; Ghafari, Muhammad Irsyad Abiyusfi; Rahman, Ibadur; Hilda, Baiq; Mahrus,

doi:10.1063/1.5141327

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The high frequency of bleaching in the last decades has significantly reduced the level of coral genetic diversity, which decline the coral capacity to survive and may lead to the future collapse of the coral reef ecosystem worldwide (Sully et al, 2019). As an effort to prevent corals from extinction, recent conservation strategies are not only focused on protecting genetic diversity, but also have led to the use of genetic data for various advanced purposes, such as translocation and hybridisation of corals (van Oppen et al, 2017), identification of adaptive coral-symbiont variants (Bachtiar et. al., 2019;Chen et al, 2020), and genome editing for super corals (Camp et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of Different Established Genomic Extraction Methods for Scleractinian Coral

Ghafari¹,

Agus²,

Litaay³

2023

ASMScJ

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Studies on coral genetics have been widely used recently for varied research purposes, including to solve the taxonomical challenge or to understand the physiological-ecological aspects of corals towards climate change. While the information provided by coral genome is crucial for those works, isolation of coral genome is still a difficult preliminary step due to coral's nature. This study aimed to evaluate and to suggest the best application of among four established methods for DNA extraction from scleractinian coral, i.e., Guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl), Chelex chelating resin, Guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform (AGPC), and spin-column methods. Coral samples were grounded and submitted to each extraction method's protocol. Final extracts were checked for their quality and quantity. The final extracts feasibility were tested through PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), followed by electrophoresis for amplicon quality screening. The scoring was done for assessment aspects: time efficiency, successful extraction process, extracted DNA quantity and quality, final extract properness, and cost effort per sample. The highest DNA concentration was obtained by spin-column methods, reaching up to 724.31 ng/µl, while other methods can only provide between 264.94±36.453 to 378.19±0 ng/µl of DNA. Among all method tested, the spin-column was able to provide reproducible and feasible quality of final extracts for the amplification. Other methods were failed to provide such consistent and proper results. The results suggesthat the spin-column is the most appropriate method for DNA isolation from scleractinian specimen.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of Different Established Genomic Extraction Methods for Scleractinian Coral

Ghafari¹,

Agus²,

Litaay³

2023

ASMScJ

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“…Notably, while some host species exhibit a strong specificity to a particular genus of Symbiodiniaceae, they may also harbour additional 'background' symbionts of different species or genera (Rouzé et al, 2017;Bachtiar et al, 2019). This has important ecological consequences for the holobiont, in that the symbiont community composition within the host can in effect be 'shuffled' during periods of environmental change.…”

Section: Host Specificity and Flexibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of nutrient availability on the thermotolerance of symbiotic dinoflagellates of family Symbiodiniaceae

Raymond¹

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Coral reefs are the most biodiverse ocean ecosystems on the planet, providing essential habitat for over 25% of the world’s marine organisms. Their structural complexity and stability contribute to essential coastline defence against erosion, as well as provide billions of dollars per year in economic value in the form of tourism and artisanal fishing. Fundamental to this unique and indispensable habitat is the symbiotic relationship between cnidarian corals and algal dinoflagellates of family Symbiodiniaceae. Reef-building corals gain a crucial majority of their daily energy needs from their endosymbiotic dinoflagellates, which facilitates coral growth, reproduction and formation of the reef structure on which countless other organisms thrive. However, this symbiosis has come under threat from warming oceans as a consequence of anthropogenic climate change. Under thermal stress the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis breaks down, resulting in expulsion of the dinoflagellate (‘coral bleaching’), followed by the eventual death of the coral animal. Tolerance of elevated temperatures is known to vary among coral and Symbiodiniaceae species, and may be influenced by the interaction of nutrient availability and photosynthetic function of the endosymbiont. The aim of this thesis was to investigate photophysiological mechanisms in thermotolerant and thermally sensitive Symbiodiniaceae to determine how they are affected by thermal and nutritive stress, both in and out of symbiosis. Cultured Symbiodiniaceae phylotypes A4 (thermotolerant) and B2 (thermally sensitive) were subjected to high and low nutrient and temperature treatments. The photosynthetic health (quantum yield, FV/FM), rate of chloroplastic protein synthesis (D1 protein) and photophysiological response to light (NPQ) of each phylotype was monitored to determine if thermotolerance was related to nutrient utilization under heat stress. Phylotype A4 showed considerably increased D1 synthesis regardless of nutrient treatment when compared to phylotype B2, but only minor differences in FV/FM. Also, correlation between D1 concentration and FV/FM was observed in A4, but not B2 during recovery from heat stress. Responses to short term light exposure contrasted significantly between the two phylotypes under all conditions, indicating marked differences in the photophysiological apparatus. To examine nutrient use and thermotolerance in symbiosis, the model symbiotic anemone Aiptasia pallida (commonly Aiptasia) was inoculated with either Symbiodiniaceae species Breviolum minutum, phylotype A4 or phylotype B2. The holobionts (host and symbiont) were fed or starved for a period of six weeks and then subjected to heat stress. D1protein concentration and FV/FM was similar in all fed holobionts, regardless of symbiont type and heat treatment. Following heat stress, all starved holobionts showed extremely low concentrations of D1 protein, but comparable FV/FM, while in low temperature starved treatments, only Aiptasia hosting B. minutum showed any recovery of D1 protein. The study shows that efficiency of nutrient utilization in photosynthetic pathways is not necessarily an indicator of thermotolerance, nor does it dictate the ability of the symbiont to confer physiological benefits to the host under conditions of heat or nutrient stress. Rather, host-symbiont pairings most likely reflect responses to external pressures dictated by the local environment. The implications of the physiological disparities between the Symbiodiniaceae types tested are discussed in the context of environmental adaptations and host-symbiont nutrient dynamics. The complexity of symbiotic interactions highlighted by this study reinforces the imperative necessity of further investigations into cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbioses, particularly in regard to thermotolerance and photophysiology. Only through understanding the physiological effects of rising ocean temperatures on this essential partnership can we begin the work of protecting the coral reef habitat for future generations.

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Variation of micro-morphological features and possible adaptation strategies of platy-laminar corals Echinopora lamellosa and E. pacificus to turbidity stress in changing climate

Ghafari,

Kamal,

Idris

2024

Coral Reefs

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Coral Echinoporalamellosa hosts multiple clades of symbionts in Western Alas Strait, Indonesia

Cited by 3 publications

References 64 publications

Comparative Evaluation of Different Established Genomic Extraction Methods for Scleractinian Coral

Comparative Evaluation of Different Established Genomic Extraction Methods for Scleractinian Coral

The influence of nutrient availability on the thermotolerance of symbiotic dinoflagellates of family Symbiodiniaceae

Variation of micro-morphological features and possible adaptation strategies of platy-laminar corals Echinopora lamellosa and E. pacificus to turbidity stress in changing climate

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