Coral reef conservation in Bali in light of international best practice, a literature review

Boakes, Zach; Hall, Alice; Ampou, Eghbert Elvan; Jones, Georgia C.A.; Suryaputra, I Gusti Ngurah Agung; Mahyuni, Luh Putu; Prasetyo, Rahmadi; Stafford, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126190

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…In addition to increased SST, another factor influencing coral reef degradation in Sekotong is human activities that damage coral ecosystems. Activities such as destructive fishing, selection of explosives, and pollution from land can cause physical damage to coral reefs and disrupt their ecosystems (Boakes et al, 2022). Sediments and nutrients carried by river water flow into the waters can increase water turbidity and cause a decrease in light needed by symbiotic algae in corals for photosynthesis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Climate Change on Coral Reefs Degradation at West Lombok, Indonesia

Nurdjaman,

Nasution,

Johan

et al. 2023

J. Kel. Trop.

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Coral reefs are one of the ecosystems that provide economic and environmental benefits to coastal communities in Indonesia. However, coral reef ecosystems are also one of the ecosystems threatened by climate change at the local scale. The waters of North Sekotong, West Lombok, Indonesia, are a tropical coastal system with beautiful coral reefs and marine ecosystems. Coral reef damage has been widespread in this area due to increased water temperatures. Increased water temperature results in coral reef degradation. Field surveys were conducted on May 23-28, 2016, in collaboration with the Marine and Coastal Resources Research and Development Center, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, and coral reef mapping using Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 during 2002 - 2016 as well as processing monthly sea surface temperature (SST) data from the AquaModis and Oi SST V2 satellites and daily SST data from the NOAA Coral Reef Watch satellite. Changes in coral cover area were compared with temperature changes due to climate change. The increase in temperature creates a hotspot phenomenon in the coral reef ecosystem, resulting in coral reef degradation. The results showed that coral reefs in this area have degraded by 17.55% or 78.21 Ha from 455.68 Ha (2002) to 367.46 Ha (2016), with a degradation rate of 2.8 Ha/year in 2002 - 2014; 8.1 Ha/year (2014 - 2014) and 36 Ha/year (2015 - 2016) caused by an increase in SST which caused a hotspot phenomenon with a high enough intensity that there was an increase in temperature in 2016 which reached 9.77oC.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Climate Change on Coral Reefs Degradation at West Lombok, Indonesia

Nurdjaman,

Nasution,

Johan

et al. 2023

J. Kel. Trop.

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“…Salah satu model restorasi terumbu karang yang saat ini gencar digalakkan oleh pemerintah adalah pembangunan kebun karang atau dikenal dengan sebutan Indonesia Coral Reef Garden (ICRG). ICRG merupakan pusat rehabilitasi terumbu karang nasional yang mensinergikan aspek keilmuan dan sosial-ekonomi dalam restorasi terumbu karang untuk kelestarian dan pemanfaatannya melalui Edu-Eco Tourism (Aprilio & Asadi, 2022;Badriana et al, 2021;Boakes et al, 2020;Riniwati et al, 2019).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Indonesia Coral Reef Garden Sanur Bali: Pemulihan Ekonomi Nasional melalui Restorasi Terumbu Karang

Putri,

Sudiarta,

Prasetijo

et al. 2023

IJCSL

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Perairan Sanur memiliki bentangan terumbu karang yang menjadi potensi utama dalam memacu perkembangan wisata bahari. Melihat begitu pentingnya keberadaan ekosistem terumbu karang diperlukan upaya pengelolaan secara aktif. Sejalan dengan hal tersebut, pemerintah melalui kebijakan Pemulihan Ekonomi Nasional (PEN) dalam rangka percepatan penanganan pandemi Covid-19 dan mengatasi kondisi perekonomian melakukan program restorasi terumbu karang dengan metode transplantasi yang dikenal sebagai Indonesia Coral Reef Garden (ICRG). Program ini dilaksanakan melalui kegiatan padat karya dengan melibatkan masyarakat pesisir Sanur dan wilayah sekitar yang terkena dampak pandemi Covid-19. Program ini bertujuan memberikan stimulus ekonomi yang selanjutnya dapat berdampak pula pada pelestarian ekosistem pesisir laut daerah Sanur serta penumbuhan mata pencaharian alternatif melalui pengembangan wisata bahari. Sejumlah 12.700 unit struktur kebun karang berhasil dikerjakan. Restorasi terumbu karang yang dilakukan di perairan Sanur mencapai luas 8 (delapan) ha. Secara nyata program ini dapat memberikan dampak terhadap pemulihan perekonomian kepada masyarakat baik yang dirasakan secara langsung maupun tidak langsung.

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“…Elements recognised as contributing to the success of this threat abatement plan included semi-regular updates, implementation through regulations and management plans, wide support from stakeholders (especially government departments), criteria against which outcomes are measured, specific enforcement mechanisms, and a strong NGO advocate (Invasive Species Council and Bush Heritage Australia, 2020). The funding available to support the instrument is also likely to be critical to success (Bottrill et al, 2011).…”

Section: Threat-based Lawsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Best Practice Mechanisms for Biodiversity Conservation Law and Policy

Brockett¹,

Woolaston²,

Deane³

et al. 2023

Camb. prisms Extinction

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Around the world, countries have introduced laws and policies designed to prevent species extinction. While there have been some success stories, overall, these laws and policies are routinely failing. Extinction rates continue to climb. However, the law is necessary to regulate the human-environment interactions that form the basis of the drivers of extinction and biodiversity loss, including land-clearing, the discharge of greenhouse gases and the introduction of invasive species. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the literature specifically on biodiversity conservation law, to review and describe the commonalities in laws and legal systems that can be considered successful, or unsuccessful. Laws for the conservation of biodiversity form a critical component for minimising the drivers of extinction, with species extinction being an extreme outcome of biodiversity loss. We reviewed 128 publications from around the world to ascertain and synthesise best practices in law and policy that aim to protect and conserve biodiversity (herein termed 'biodiversity conservation law'). The literature demonstrated that when it comes to biodiversity conservation law, the concept of 'best practice' is elusive, and does not necessarily equate to a reversal in species decline. Further, most western countries utilise the same legal mechanisms (also known as policy tools) for biodiversity conservation, although some countries implement these laws more effectively than others. In this paper, we explore and explain several common legal mechanisms discussed across the range of literature, including species listing and recovery plans, protected area regulation, stewardship, restoration, and offset and no net loss schemes. We also explore the necessity of biodiversity and climate mainstreaming across all laws and highlight the need to engage in genuine partnerships and collaborations with First Nations communities. This paper, and the principles explored herein, should assist law and policymakers to regulate more effectively and explain to those in the conservation sciences where research should be directed to improve the science-policy interface. Impact statementThe principles and mechanisms explored in this paper should assist law and policymakers to regulate against extinction with greater success and explain to those in the conservation sciences where research should be directed. In particular, researchers should associate their work with the law and policy governing their area of conservation, so that more research can be directly related to the effectiveness of legal mechanisms designed to reduce extinction rates. This will help ensure that appropriate feedback loops can be implemented in governance structures.

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Coral reef conservation in Bali in light of international best practice, a literature review

Cited by 14 publications

References 183 publications

Impact of Climate Change on Coral Reefs Degradation at West Lombok, Indonesia

Impact of Climate Change on Coral Reefs Degradation at West Lombok, Indonesia

Indonesia Coral Reef Garden Sanur Bali: Pemulihan Ekonomi Nasional melalui Restorasi Terumbu Karang

Best Practice Mechanisms for Biodiversity Conservation Law and Policy

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