Core and valence level photoemission studies of iron oxide surfaces and the oxidation of iron

Brundle, C. R.; Chuang, T. J.; Wandelt, K.

doi:10.1016/0039-6028(77)90239-4

Cited by 627 publications

(279 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The contribution of O 2-in Fe 2 O 3 is clearly resolved at 530.2 eV, which increases considerably corresponding to the increase of the iron particle distribution. Three factors may contribute to the peak at higher binding energies, that is, the oxygen-containing functional groups [28], and the FeOOH species formed due to the contact of metallic Fe with moisture in air after reduction [29], and adsorbed water on the surface, which cannot be removed in ultra high vacuum (UHV) conditions [30,31]. Most of the oxygen-containing groups are believed to be removed by the reduction atmosphere at 1023 K, although a small amount may form again upon contact with air.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron impregnation on the amorphous shell of vapor grown carbon fibers and the catalytic growth of secondary nanofibers

Xia

Bitter

et al. 2009

Diamond and Related Materials

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Vapor grown carbon fibers (VGCFs) with diameters of several microns were synthesized and investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the shell of the VGCFs consisted of densely-packed domains embedded in loosely-packed matrix, and both were highly amorphous. Regular edge planes as observed on the surface of fishbone nanofibers do not exist on VGCFs. Hence, surface treatment is more important for the deposition of catalysts. Ammonium ferric citrate (AFC) was employed for the impregnation of iron, where the high viscosity of the aqueous solution of AFC is beneficial. Calcination was found to be a key step to improve the dispersion of the iron particles, which can be attributed to enhanced interactions between iron and carbon due to the gasification of carbon occurring at the iron-carbon interface. Quantitative analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the calcination of the supported AFC led to a higher atomic concentration of iron on the surface, indicating smaller particle size and higher dispersion. Secondary carbon nanofibers were grown subsequently on the VGCFs from cyclohexane. The specific surface area was enhanced considerably, from less than 1 m 2 g -1 to 106 m 2 g -1 after the growth of the secondary nanofibers. The obtained composites are promising materials as structured support in heterogeneous catalysis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron impregnation on the amorphous shell of vapor grown carbon fibers and the catalytic growth of secondary nanofibers

Xia

Bitter

et al. 2009

Diamond and Related Materials

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“…The O 1s spectrum of the as shown in Fig 6., it comprises the overlapping of the number spectrum. Binding energy peak at 530.o eV related to the OH species, the second peak at 531.2 eV related to the O 2-species [36][37][38][39][40]. The S 2p spectrum seen in Fig 6., it shows a single peak with several overlapping spectrums.…”

Section: Xps Spectrum Of the C2mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The C 1s spectrum of the inhibitor has been shown in Fig 5. The C 1s spectrum has the two kinds of the binding energy peaks at the 285.0 eV and 286.0 eV the first peak at 285.0 eV corresponds to the -C-C-or CH n binding energy peaks [33][34]. The second peak at 286.0 eV corresponds to the C-N of the inhibitor [37]. The N 1s spectrum has contained the number of overlapping spectrum, it has the peak at 400.0 eV corresponds to the C-N species, 401.0 eV related to the Fe-N species which nitrogen atom of the inhibitor interaction with the Fe atom in the high carbon steel [35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Xps Spectrum Of the C2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second peak at 286.0 eV corresponds to the C-N of the inhibitor [37]. The N 1s spectrum has contained the number of overlapping spectrum, it has the peak at 400.0 eV corresponds to the C-N species, 401.0 eV related to the Fe-N species which nitrogen atom of the inhibitor interaction with the Fe atom in the high carbon steel [35][36][37][38]. The O 1s spectrum of the as shown in Fig 6., it comprises the overlapping of the number spectrum.…”

Section: Xps Spectrum Of the C2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectral investigation of the Piperazine Dithiosemicarbazone Derivatives as inhibitor on High Carbon Steel in HCl media

Tamilarasan¹,

Sreekanth²

2018

jmes

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“…In the first case, we gradually oxidize surfactant-stabilized iron metal particles dispersed in an organic solvent. The magnetic moments are decreased by the oxidation of iron to iron oxides [6][7][8][9][10], which have a considerably lower saturation magnetization. Since anisotropic aggregation is due to magnetic interactions, weakening the magnetic moments is expected to break up the dipolar structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of reversible and irreversible dipolar assemblies in a ferrofluid

Klokkenburg

Erné

2006

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

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Zero-field aggregation of magnetic nanoparticles in a ferrofluid can either be irreversible or result from a dynamic equilibrium; the two cases can be distinguished by measurements of the complex magnetic susceptibility and by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). We demonstrate this by comparing two colloidal systems that show dipolar structure formation in zero field. A dispersion of magnetic iron nanoparticles is gradually oxidized to decrease the magnetic moments, and despite the vanishing dipolar attractions, thermal motion does not break up the dipolar structures into single particles. Instead, the dipolar structures become chemically fixed during the oxidation process, an example of irreversible aggregation. In contrast, the zero-field dipolar structures in a chemically stable magnetite dispersion are found to disintegrate upon dilution, indicating that the structures are reversible and result from a dynamic equilibrium. r

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Core and valence level photoemission studies of iron oxide surfaces and the oxidation of iron

Cited by 627 publications

References 16 publications

Iron impregnation on the amorphous shell of vapor grown carbon fibers and the catalytic growth of secondary nanofibers

Iron impregnation on the amorphous shell of vapor grown carbon fibers and the catalytic growth of secondary nanofibers

Spectral investigation of the Piperazine Dithiosemicarbazone Derivatives as inhibitor on High Carbon Steel in HCl media

Comparison of reversible and irreversible dipolar assemblies in a ferrofluid

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