Core clinical characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder mnemonic

Rissardo, Jamir Pitton; Caprara, Ana Letícia Fornari

doi:10.4103/injms.injms_140_19

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and MS are characterized by inflammation and demyelination [116]. The symptoms of MS can vary widely among individuals, and movement disorders are common manifestations of the disease.…”

Section: Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Literature Review of Movement Disorder Associated with Medications and Systemic Diseases

Pitton Rissardo,

Fornari Caprara

2024

Preprint

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Movement disorders can be associated with various drugs and systemic diseases, posing diagnostic challenges for clinicians. This review explores the spectrum of movement disorders associated with pharmacological agents and medical conditions. Drug-induced movement disorders encompass a broad range of conditions resulting from exposure to medications that affect several neurotransmitters. Neuroleptic medications can lead to tardive dyskinesia, characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements. Antipsychotics and antiemetics, including metoclopramide, may induce acute dystonic reactions. Other drugs, such as dopamine receptor-blocking agents, can contribute to drug-induced parkinsonism. Beyond medications, movement disorders can also arise secondary to systemic diseases. Metabolic disorders like Wilson's disease, characterized by copper accumulation, may manifest as chorea or dystonia. Inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus can result in secondary movement disorders due to autoimmune-mediated processes affecting the central nervous system. Movement disorders linked to drugs or systemic diseases often necessitate a thorough clinical evaluation, including detailed medication histories and comprehensive systemic assessments. Neuroimaging, laboratory investigations, and, in some cases, cerebrospinal fluid analyses and electrodiagnostic studies help in establishing accurate diagnoses. Management involves addressing the underlying cause, modifying medications, and employing symptomatic treatments.

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Section: Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%