Core-level XPS spectra of fullerene, highly oriented pyrolitic graphite, and glassy carbon

Leiro, J.A.; Heinonen, Maarit; Laiho, Taina; Batirev, I.G.

doi:10.1016/s0368-2048(02)00284-0

Cited by 190 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Figure 3 shows our measured carbon 1s spectrum together with previous experimental results [25,27]. Both the signature of the π plasmon and the presence of at least one additional structure on the π + σ plasmon satellite are clearly visible.…”

Section: Graphite-gw + C *mentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Both the signature of the π plasmon and the presence of at least one additional structure on the π + σ plasmon satellite are clearly visible. The additional structure has been termed P 3 , and measured in various carbon based materials [25] (see also, e.g., [27]), but could never be explained to our knowledge. However, for all measured materials it appears to be situated approximatively at the sum of the materials-dependent energies of the first two main plasmon peaks [25].…”

Section: Graphite-gw + C *mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[25] (black squares), and in Ref. [27] (orange circles). Signatures of the π and π + σ plasmons are clearly visible, as well as the feature termed P 3 in Refs.…”

Section: Graphite-gw + C *mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Signatures of the π and π + σ plasmons are clearly visible, as well as the feature termed P 3 in Refs. [25,27]. Equation (1) yields a first decaying series of plasmon satellites at a distance from the QP peak of multiples of ω 1 , and a second series from ω 2 .…”

Section: Graphite-gw + C *mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple satellites in materials with complex plasmon spectra: From graphite to graphene

et al. 2014

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The photoemission spectrum of graphite is still debated. To help resolve this issue, we present photoemission measurements at high photon energy and analyze the results using a Green's function approach that takes into account the full complexity of the loss spectrum. Our measured data show multiple satellite replicas. We demonstrate that these satellites are of intrinsic origin, enhanced by extrinsic losses. The dominating satellite is due to the π + σ plasmon of graphite, whereas the π plasmon creates a tail on the high-binding energy side of the quasiparticle peak. The interplay between the two plasmons leads to energy shifts, broadening, and additional peaks in the satellite spectrum. We also predict the spectral changes in the transition from graphite towards graphene.

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Section: Graphite-gw + C *mentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Graphite-gw + C *mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[25] (black squares), and in Ref. [27] (orange circles). Signatures of the π and π + σ plasmons are clearly visible, as well as the feature termed P 3 in Refs.…”

Section: Graphite-gw + C *mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Graphite-gw + C *mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple satellites in materials with complex plasmon spectra: From graphite to graphene

et al. 2014

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“…The carbon pi-pi shake-up satellite peak at 290.7 eV (Muller et al 2007) further confirms the presence of aromatic carbon. The fullerenes were first discovered by Kroto, Smalley, andCurl in 1985 (Kroto et al 1985;Dementjev et al 2000;Leiro et al 2003). The fullerenic carbon has a remarkable cage-like polyhedral geometry that is the consequence of arranging sp 2 -bonded carbon atoms in pentagonal and hexagonal rings to form a closed shell (Grieco et al 2000).…”

Section: Carbon Chemical Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Chemical Composition of Size-Fractionated Urban Walkway Aerosols Determined by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Cheng

Weng

et al. 2013

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Most aerosol chemical characterization studies to date involve bulk particle analysis. The surface chemical and physical properties of aerosol particles have rarely been analyzed, despite the particles' potential health impacts and interactions with gas in the atmosphere. Aerosol particles ranging from 0.056 to 10 μm in size collected using a 10-stage impactor sampler from a busy walkway in a downtown area of Hong Kong were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), a technique providing both elemental and chemical state information about the particle surfaces. Six key elements were detected: nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), calcium (Ca), silicon (Si), oxygen (O), and carbon (C). Carbon was the dominant species on the surfaces of all particles regardless of their sizes. A higher carbon concentration was found on the surfaces of the 0.056-0.32 μm particles. The N, Si, Ca, and O concentrations were higher on the surface of the 3.2-10 μm particles than in the smaller size fractions. Sulfur was mainly found on the surface of the 0.32-1.8 μm particles. High-resolution scans of C, N, and S were obtained to provide chemical state information about these elements. Aromatic C-H and aliphatic C-H were found to be the major carbon chemical states. Fullerenic carbon was detected on the surfaces of the finest (0.056-0.32 μm) particles. Oxygen-and nitrogen-containing organics were found on the surfaces of the 0.32-1.8 μm particles. Sulfur was present in the form of sulfates as expected. Ammonium salts, amide, and nitrate were found to form especially on the surfaces of aerosol particles in the nucleation, accumulation, and coarse modes, respectively. Silicates and carbonates were only discovered on the surfaces of coarse-mode particles (3.2-10 μm). The results suggest that both the chemical

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Carbon‐Based Supercapacitors Produced by the Activation of Graphene

Tan

and

Zhu

2015

Nanocarbons for Advanced Energy Storage

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Supercapacitors, also called ultracapacitors or electrochemical capacitors, store electrical charge on high surface area conducting materials. Their widespread use is limited by their low energy storage density and relatively high effective series resistance. Using chemical activation of exfoliated graphite oxide, we synthesized a porous carbon with a BET surface area of up to 3100 square meters per gram, a high electrical conductivity, and a low O and H content. This sp 2 -bonded carbon has a continuous three-dimensional network of highly curved, atom thick walls that form primarily 0.6-5 nm width pores. Two-electrode supercapacitor cells constructed with this carbon yielded high values of gravimetric capacitance and energy density with organic and ionic liquid electrolytes. The processes used to make this carbon are readily scalable to industrial levels.

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Core-level XPS spectra of fullerene, highly oriented pyrolitic graphite, and glassy carbon

Cited by 190 publications

References 55 publications

Multiple satellites in materials with complex plasmon spectra: From graphite to graphene

Multiple satellites in materials with complex plasmon spectra: From graphite to graphene

Surface Chemical Composition of Size-Fractionated Urban Walkway Aerosols Determined by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Carbon‐Based Supercapacitors Produced by the Activation of Graphene

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