Core Principles of the California Current Acidification Network: Linking Chemistry, Physics, and Ecological Effects

McLaughlin, Karen; Weisberg, Stephen B.; Dickson, Andrew G.; Hofmann, Gretchen E.; Newton, Jan; Aseltine-Neilson, Deborah; Barton, Alan; Cudd, Sue; Feely, Richard A.; Jefferds, Ian; Jewett, Elizabeth B.; King, Teri; Langdon, Chris; McAfee, Skyli; Pleschner-Steele, Diane; Steele, Bruce

doi:10.5670/oceanog.2015.39

Cited by 54 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This estimate meets the target relative uncertainty for arag of 10 % needed to identify relative spatial patterns and short-term variation in ocean acidifica- Sutton et al (2014b). b Error estimates of thermodynamic constants from McLaughlin et al (2015). c Combined effect of thermodynamic constants (Mucci et al, 1983).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Using present-day observations to detect when anthropogenic change forces surface ocean carbonate chemistry outside preindustrial bounds

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. One of the major challenges to assessing the impact of ocean acidification on marine life is detecting and interpreting long-term change in the context of natural variability. This study addresses this need through a global synthesis of monthly pH and aragonite saturation state ( arag ) climatologies for 12 open ocean, coastal, and coral reef locations using 3-hourly moored observations of surface seawater partial pressure of CO 2 and pH collected together since as early as 2010. Mooring observations suggest open ocean subtropical and subarctic sites experience present-day surface pH and arag conditions outside the bounds of preindustrial variability throughout most, if not all, of the year. In general, coastal mooring sites experience more natural variability and thus, more overlap with preindustrial conditions; however, present-day arag conditions surpass biologically relevant thresholds associated with ocean acidification impacts on Mytilus californianus ( arag < 1.8) and Crassostrea gigas ( arag < 2.0) larvae in the California Current Ecosystem (CCE) and Mya arenaria larvae in the Gulf of Maine ( arag < 1.6). At the most variable mooring locations in coastal systems of the CCE, subseasonal conditions approached arag = 1. Global and regional models and data syntheses of ship-based observations tended to underestimate seasonal variability compared to mooring observations. Efforts such as this to characterize all patterns of pH and arag variability and change at key locations are fundamental to assessing present-day biological impacts of ocean acidification, further improving experimental design to interrogate organism response under real-world conditions, and improving predictive models and vulnerability assessments seeking to quantify the broader impacts of ocean acidification.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Using present-day observations to detect when anthropogenic change forces surface ocean carbonate chemistry outside preindustrial bounds

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The lowest Ar (sst) values (≈ 1.3-1.6) occur during winter (January-March) when both pH and SST are low, despite TA being high due to high SSS values. The decoupling in the seasonal cycles of pH and Ar clearly supports the case that pH alone is not an adequate measure of ocean acidification, in accordance with the C-CAN recommendation that "measurements should facilitate determination of Ar and a complete description of the carbonate system, including pH and pCO 2 " (McLaughlin et al, 2015).…”

Section: Spatiotemporal Variationsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…1), based mainly on weekly underway data from the Voluntary Observing Ships (VOS) program covering the period [2005][2006][2007][2008][2009]. We combine the underway data with available station data from research cruises to facilitate a complete description of the seawater CO 2 chemistry in accordance with the recommendations of OA core principles by McLaughlin et al (2015). We focus on analyses of Ar and pH values and evaluate their variations in response to the physical and biological factors: summer warming and stratification, spring phytoplankton bloom, and deep mixing during fall and winter.…”

Section: A M Omar Et Al: Aragonite Saturation States and Ph In Wesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of these comparisons are summarized in Table 3. For each comparison, the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) and the significance level (p-value) are used as metrics for the goodness of the correlation while the associated root mean square error (RMSE) is benchmarked against the maximum target uncertainties developed by the Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (GOA-ON) and the California Current Acidification Network (C-CAN) of ±0.2 for Ar (McLaughlin et al, 2015), which corresponds to maximum uncertainties of ±0.02, ±1.25, or ±1.8 in pH, SST, or SSS, respectively.…”

Section: Correlations and Validationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Aragonite saturation states and pH in western Norwegian fjords: seasonal cycles and controlling factors, 2005–2009

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) by the ocean leads to a process known as ocean acidification (OA), which lowers the aragonite saturation state (ΩAr) and pH, and this is poorly documented in coastal environments including fjords due to lack of appropriate observations.Here we use weekly underway data from the Voluntary Observing Ships (VOS) program covering the period 2005–2009 combined with data from research cruises to estimate ΩAr and pH values in several adjacent western Norwegian fjords, and to evaluate how seawater CO2 chemistry drives their variations in response to physical and biological factors.The OA parameters in the surface waters of the fjords are subject to strong seasonal and spatially coherent variations. These changes are governed by the seasonal changes in temperature, salinity, formation and decay of organic matter, and vertical mixing with deeper, carbon-rich coastal water. Annual mean pH and ΩAr values were 8.13 and 2.21, respectively. The former varies from minimum values ( ≈  8.05) in late December – early January to maximum values of around 8.2 during early spring (March–April) as a consequence of the phytoplankton spring bloom, which reduces dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). In the following months, pH decreases in response to warming. This thermodynamic decrease in pH is reinforced by the deepening of the mixed layer, which enables carbon-rich coastal water to reach the surface, and this trend continues until the low winter values of pH are reached again. ΩAr, on the other hand, reaches its seasonal maximum (> 2.5) in mid- to late summer (July–September), when the spring bloom is over and pH is decreasing. The lowest ΩAr values ( ≈  1.3–1.6) occur during winter (January–March), when both pH and sea surface temperature (SST) are low and DIC is its highest. Consequently, seasonal ΩAr variations align with those of SST and salinity normalized DIC (nDIC).We demonstrate that underway measurements of fugacity of CO2 in seawater (fCO2) and SST from VOS lines combined with high frequency observations of the complete carbonate system at strategically placed fixed stations provide an approach to interpolate OA parameters over large areas in the fjords of western Norway.

show abstract

“…The California Current Acidification Network (C-CAN), including researchers, growers, and state environmental advocates from all West Coast states (WA, OR, CA), was one of the earliest self-organizing groups dedicated to education and outreach on ocean acidification, beginning its work in 2010. C-CAN members have also participated in activities to assess and address knowledge gaps, producing recommendations on best practices (McLaughlin et al, 2015) and educating researchers and growers in a one-on-one approach (California Current Acidification Network, 2010). C-CAN has not generally engaged in larger efforts to support (or secure support for) industry, manage for resilience, or directly cut acidification, which may be related to its origin as a self-organizing or "bottom up" organization populated by volunteers willing to speak out on the issue.…”

Section: Other Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-Level Actions that Can Address Ocean Acidification

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Core Principles of the California Current Acidification Network: Linking Chemistry, Physics, and Ecological Effects

Cited by 54 publications

References 39 publications

Using present-day observations to detect when anthropogenic change forces surface ocean carbonate chemistry outside preindustrial bounds

Using present-day observations to detect when anthropogenic change forces surface ocean carbonate chemistry outside preindustrial bounds

Aragonite saturation states and pH in western Norwegian fjords: seasonal cycles and controlling factors, 2005–2009

Community-Level Actions that Can Address Ocean Acidification

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About