Core–Shell Filament with Excellent Wound Healing Property Made of Cellulose Nanofibrils and Guar Gum via Interfacial Polyelectrolyte Complexation Spinning

Abstract

Natural polymer‐based sutures have attractive cytocompatibility and degradability in surgical operations. Herein, anionic cellulose nanofibrils (ACNF) and cationic guar gum (CGG) are employed to produce nontoxic CGG/ACNF composite filament with a unique core–shell structure via interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation (IPC) spinning. The comprehensive characterization and application performance of the resultant CGG/ACNF filament as a surgical suture are thoroughly investigated in comparison with silk and PGLA (90% glycolide and 10% l‐lactide) sutures in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Results show that the CGG/ACNF filament with the typical core–shell structure and nervation pattern surface exhibits a high orientation index (0.74) and good mechanical properties. The tensile strength and knotting strength of CGG/ACNF suture prepared by twisting CGG/ACNF filaments increase by 69.5%, and CGG/ACNF suture has a similar friction coefficient to silk and PGLA sutures. Moreover, CGG/ACNF suture with antibiosis and cytocompatibility exhibits better growth promotion of cells than silk suture, similar to PGLA suture in vitro. In addition, the stitching experiment of mice with the CGG/ACNF suture further confirms better healing properties and less inflammation in vivo than silk and PGLA sutures do. Hence, the CGG/ACNF suture with a simple preparation method and excellent application properties is promising in surgical operations.

Bioinspired, Robust, and Absorbable Cellulose Nanofibrils/Chitosan Filament with Remarkable Cytocompatibility and Wound Healing Properties

“…Furthermore, the knot strength (108.3 ± 36.4 MPa) of the CNF/CS-5C thread was lower than that of Vicryl threads (203.4 ± 35.3 MPa) due to the relatively low flexibility of the CNF/CS-5C thread (Table S4). But the knot strength of CNF/CS-5C thread was comparable to silk (137.6 ± 34.5 MPa) thread and the reported cationic guar gum (CGG)/CNF suture (108.8 MPa) …”

“…But the knot strength of CNF/CS-5C thread was comparable to silk (137.6 ± 34.5 MPa) thread and the reported cationic guar gum (CGG)/CNF suture (108.8 MPa). 44 Moreover, all surgical threads showed no significant damage or disintegration after 14 days of soaking in PBS (Figure S4). The CNF/CS-5C threads could be gradually degraded in 1−2 weeks under the physiological environment, and the mass losses were much higher than those of silk and Vicryl threads due to the dissolution of CPAM and the swelling of chitosan and cellulose (Figure 5b).…”

“…The Inflammatory test of the threads and data analysis were conducted based on previous literature. 44 Briefly, the sterilized thread was embedded in the skin of an adult male Wistar rat. The rat was euthanized after 48 h, and the skin at the embedded site was collected.…”

Copper Nanodots‐Based Hybrid Hydrogels with Multiple Enzyme Activities for Acute and Infected Wound Repair

“…[28] The CG molecular chain is characterized by an abundance of functional groups and quaternary ammonium groups, which can be designed as Schiff bases, electrostatic interactions, or a combina-tion of various dynamic interactions, and without agents, which endows CG hydrogels with good biocompatibility, degradability, and antibacterial properties. [29] Here, a simple one-pot method was used to synthesize an ultrasmall copper nanozyme. [30] Copper nanozymes were synthesized using PVP and ascorbic acid (AA) as protective and reducing agents, respectively.…”

Metallic‐Polyphenolic Nanoparticles Reinforced Cationic Guar Gum Hydrogel for Effectively Treating Burn Wound

“…Cationic guar gum (CG), which is derived from guar gum and contains abundant hydroxyl and quaternary ammonium groups, has prominent antibacterial ability that is found widespread use in wound dressings. [12,13] In addition to the same biocompatibility and extracellular matrix mimicry property as polysaccharidebased materials, CG has better water retention capacity. [14,15] However, CG-based hydrogels are function single relative and difficult to cope with the complex environment of burn wound.…”