Corn fiber oil and sitostanol decrease cholesterol absorption independently of intestinal sterol transporters in hamsters

Jain, Deepak; Ebine, Naoyuki; Xiao-ming, Jia; Kassis, Amira; Marinangeli, Christopher P F; Fortin, Marc; Beech, Robin N.; Hicks, Kevin B.; Moreau, Robert A.; Kubow, Stan; Jones, Peter J.H.

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.02.012

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In addition, PSs may affect the expression of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette proteins after being converted to liver X receptor agonists [2]. However, recent animal studies have shown that PSs decrease blood cholesterol levels independently of intestinal adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters gene expression [11][12][13][14]. Other mechanisms are thought to be involved in the cholesterol-lowering action of PSs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of plant sterols is not influenced by dietary cholesterol intake in hypercholesterolemic individuals

Kassis¹,

Vanstone²,

AbuMweis³

et al. 2008

Metabolism

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of plant sterols is not influenced by dietary cholesterol intake in hypercholesterolemic individuals

Kassis¹,

Vanstone²,

AbuMweis³

et al. 2008

Metabolism

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“…While the luminal NTD specifically binds cholesterol and mediates their endocytosis, plant sterols have not been shown to interact with this terminal domain and therefore competition with dietary cholesterol for intestinal absorption is an unlikely mechanism of plant sterols/ stanols in lowering plasma cholesterol levels (63,77,78). In line with this, some studies have demonstrated that plant sterols reduce plasma cholesterol without affecting intestinal Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 protein gene expression (79)(80)(81)(82).…”

Section: Effects Of Plant Sterols and Stanols On Cholesterol Traffickmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid-lowering Activity of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Sterols and Stanols

2015

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-Consumption of plant sterols/ stanols has long been demonstrated to reduce plasma cholesterol levels. The objective of this review is to demonstrate the lipid-lowering activity and antiatherogenic effects of natural and semi-synthetic plant sterols/ stanols based on evidence from cell-culture studies, animal studies and clinical trials. Additionally, this review highlights certain molecular mechanisms by which plant sterols/ stanols lower plasma cholesterol levels with a special emphasis on factors that affect the cholesterol-lowering activity of plant sterols/stanols. The crystalline nature and the poor oil solubility of these natural products could be important factors that limit their cholesterol-lowering efficiency. Several attempts have been made to improve the cholesterol-lowering activity by enhancing the bioavailability of crystalline sterols and stanols. Approaches involved reduction of the crystal size and/or esterification with fatty acids from vegetable or fish oils. However, the most promising approach in this context is the chemical modification of plant sterols /stanols into water soluble disodium ascorbyl phytostanyl phosphates analogue by esterification with ascorbic acid. This novel semi-synthetic stanol derivative has improved efficacy over natural plant sterols/ stanols and can provide additional benefits by combining the cholesterol-lowering properties of plant stanols with the antioxidant potential of ascorbic acid.

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“…In our initial animal experiments, we utilized two animal models that display a natural "response" and "nonresponse" to plant sterol therapy, Syrian golden hamsters and C57BL/6J mice, respectively. Although the Syrian golden hamster has demonstrated consistent reductions in non-HDL cholesterol in response to dietary plant sterol supplementation (Jain et al 2008;Ntanios et al 2003;Wang et al 2003), three previous reports have failed to observe LDL-C reductions following plant sterol intervention in C57BL/6J mice (Calpe-Berdiel et al 2005;Plosch et al 2006;Weingartner et al 2008), making them a suitable nonresponse model.…”

Section: Metabolic Factors Affecting Plant Sterol Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and genetic factors modulating subject specific LDL-C responses to plant sterol therapy¹This article is an invited review for the Journal's Made In Canada section. The authors gratefully acknowledge the training that was acquired at the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba. We would specifically like to thank Dr. Peter Jones for his mentorship and significant contribution to the research contained within this manuscript.

Rideout

Harding

MacKay

2012

Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.

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Reducing intestinal cholesterol absorption with plant sterol consumption is a well-characterized strategy to lower LDL-C and potentially reduce cardiovascular disease risk. However, over 50 years of clinical research demonstrate that there is significant heterogeneity in the individual LDL-C lowering response to plant sterol therapy. A clear understanding of why plant sterols work effectively in some individuals but not in others will ensure optimal integration of plant sterols in future personalized nutritional lipid-lowering strategies. This review will examine the current knowledge base surrounding the metabolic and genetic determinants of LDL-C lowering in response to plant sterol consumption.

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Corn fiber oil and sitostanol decrease cholesterol absorption independently of intestinal sterol transporters in hamsters

Cited by 35 publications

References 45 publications

Efficacy of plant sterols is not influenced by dietary cholesterol intake in hypercholesterolemic individuals

Efficacy of plant sterols is not influenced by dietary cholesterol intake in hypercholesterolemic individuals

Lipid-lowering Activity of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Sterols and Stanols

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