Corn Particle Size and Site and Extent of Digestion by Steers

Galyean, M. L.; Wagner, D. G.; Owens, F. N.

doi:10.2527/jas1979.491204x

Cited by 94 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…'Indicator of starch digestibility' The 'indicator of starch digestibility' of Control and Coarse was similar (98.6%) ( Table 2) and is in agreement with starch digestibility values reported by others (Galyean et al, 1979;Axe et al, 1987;Philippeau et al, 1999) and is expected, since the seed coat has been cracked in the Coarse concentrate. Increased particle sizes of the Coarse concentrate may increase the selective retention time and lower the fractional rumen outflow rate of potential digestible Concentrate type and rumen wall characteristics of bull calves starch, which will cause increased microbial fermentation of starch (Van Soest, 1994).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Effects of rumen-escape starch and coarseness of ingredients in pelleted concentrates on performance and rumen wall characteristics of rosé veal calves

Vestergaard

Jarltoft

Kristensen

et al. 2013

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective was to study the effect of rumen-escape starch and coarseness of ingredients in pelleted concentrates on performance, carcass quality and rumen wall characteristics in rosé veal calf production. Two alternative concentrates (Coarse and Slow) were compared with a traditional (Control) concentrate. Control was based on finely ground ingredients, whereas in Coarse, the same ingredients were coarsely ground resulting in a mean particle size before pelleting of 1.5 in Coarse and 0.6 mm in Control. Slow compared with Control and Coarse contained finely ground sorghum and corn instead of barley and wheat which increased the amount of rumen-escape starch to 59 compared with 22 g/kg in Control and Coarse. All concentrates had the same total starch (362 g/kg), NDF (168 g/kg), CP (154 g/kg) and DE (15.5 MJ/kg DM) content and a pellet diameter of 3.5 to 4 mm. Use of an 'indicator of starch digestibility' method gave a value of 98.6% for Control and Coarse and 91.1% for Slow ( P , 0.001). A total of 57 Holstein bull calves (n 5 19 per treatment) were offered one of the three concentrates ad libitum from weaning (2 1 2 months of age) to slaughter (,10 months of age). Concentrate intake was recorded individually. Barley straw was available ad libitum but intake was not recorded. Average daily gain (1.43 kg/day), concentrate conversion efficiency (3.7 kg DM concentrate/kg gain), LW at slaughter (386 kg), carcass weight (194 kg) and EUROP conformation (3.9) were not affected by type of concentrate ( P . 0.05). Papillae length and shape evaluated in atrium ruminis and the cranial part of the ventral rumen sac at slaughter were not affected by type of concentrate ( P . 0.05). Rumen wall characteristics showed degrees of plaque formation (i.e., papillary aggregation), hyperaemia and necrotic areas in all treatment groups, but with no general difference between type of concentrate (P . 0.05). Incidence of liver abscesses (LAs, 16%) was not affected by type of concentrate (P . 0.05). There were no differences in performance or rumen wall characteristics between liver-abscessed and non-abscessed calves. The results show a high level of production performance with the three types of pelleted concentrates and indicates that neither the more coarse ingredients nor the additional rumen-escape starch tested, when fed ad libitum, could improve rumen wall characteristics or reduce LAs of rosé veal calves.Keywords: slaughter calves, pelleted concentrates, growth rate, rumen wall, liver abscesses ImplicationsThe results show that ad libitum feeding of pelleted concentrates for rosé veal calves fed barley straw as only roughage source will cause some papillae aggregation, hyperaemia and necrosis of rumen wall and papillae and some indices of liver abscesses (LAs). Results also indicate that a concentrate based on more coarsely ground compared with the traditional finely ground ingredients or based on a higher proportion of rumen-escape starch in the concentrate will not be able to keep these pathological findings at a low level. O...

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Effects of rumen-escape starch and coarseness of ingredients in pelleted concentrates on performance and rumen wall characteristics of rosé veal calves

Vestergaard

Jarltoft

Kristensen

et al. 2013

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nem sempre menor tamanho de partículas provoca queda no pH devido a uma produção rápida de ácidos. GALYEAN et al (1979), também usando milho inteiro e moído com diferentes tamanhos de partículas, não obtiveram significância com os valores de pH, que oscilaram entre 6,13 e 6,33, havendo apenas tendência de elevação do pH para os maiores tamanhos das partículas, porque à medida que se diminui o tamanho das partículas, é de se esperar que haja uma ação microbiana mais rápida, mas isso pode não ocorrer se a taxa de passagem dessas partículas for maior, portanto regulando a intensidade de fermentação, como observado por GALLOWAY et al (1993). Também não houve efeito de graus de moagem do MDPS na concentração de amônia no fluido ruminal (P>0,05), mas houve efeito dos horários de coleta tanto na concentração de amônia no fluido ruminal, como no pH (P<0,05), sendo que o pH e amônia começaram a declinar 3 h após a alimentação.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Moer ou quebrar o grão de milho melhora aparentemente a digestibilidade do amido no trato total em comparação com o milho inteiro (GALYEAN et al, 1979, TURGEON et al, 1983, aumentando-se a degradação ruminal do alimento pelo aumento da superfície de ação dos microrganismos ruminais (PRIGGE et al, 1978). Contudo, ALCALDE (1997) avaliando milho grão inteiro seco, milho grão inteiro hidratado, milho moído grosso (19 mm) e milho moído fino (2,5 mm), concluiu que os graus de moagem de milho não influenciaram as digestibilidades aparentes de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra bruta (FB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), extrativo não nitrogenado (ENN) e energia bruta (EB), mas influenciaram as de extrato etéreo (EE) e amido.…”

Section: Rev Bras Zootec 30(5):1630-1638 2001unclassified

“…Também TURGEON et al (1983) sugerem que os grãos ou partículas maiores podem apresentar limitação à adesão e colonização microbiana, se não forem reduzidos em tamanho pela mastigação, havendo, portanto, a diminuição da digestibilidade do amido com o aumento do tamanho das partículas (GALYEAN et al, 1979), mas neste trabalho isso não ocorreu.…”

Section: Graus De Moagem De Mdpsunclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

Digestibilidade e degradabilidade de rações à base de milho desintegrado com palha e sabugo em diferentes graus de moagem

2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RESUMO -O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a digestibilidade, usando óxido crômico (Cr 2 O 3 ) e FDN indigestível, como indicadores, e a degradação de dietas compostas de milho desintegrado com palha e sabugo (MDPS) em três graus de moagem (3/8, 9/16 e 3/4 de polegadas) e duas fontes protéicas, o farelo de amendoim e o glúten de milho-20, em um experimento fatorial com seis tratamentos. Os graus de moagem de MDPS e as fontes protéicas não tiveram efeito sobre pH, concentração de amônia ruminal, digestibilidade das rações (matéria seca -MS, proteína bruta -PB, extrato etéreo -EE, amido, fibra em detergente neutro -FDN e fibra em detergente ácido -FDA) e degradação ruminal de matéria seca e amido. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade para todos os nutrientes diferiram entre os dois indicadores, sendo maiores para o Cr 2 O 3 . Houve interação significativa entre fonte protéica e graus de moagem do MDPS para pH e amônia, somente para a moagem 9/16 polegadas, com menor pH ocorrendo com o farelo de amendoim e a menor concentração de amônia com o glúten de milho-20. Para a degradação ruminal da MS não houve efeito de grau de moagem de MDPS, mas houve efeito de fonte protéica, com degradação efetiva maior com o uso do glúten de milho-20. Quanto à degradação ruminal de amido do MDPS incubado com o concentrado protéico, não houve diferença entre as fontes protéicas, mas, ao se incubar somente o MDPS, a degradação do amido foi maior em animais que estavam recebendo glúten de milho-20.Palavras-chave: amido, farelo de amendoim, FDN indigestível, glúten de milho-20, óxido crômico Digestibility and Degradability of Diets with Different Milling Degrees Ground Ear CornABSTRACT -This work was carried out to evaluate the digestibility, using Cr 2 O 3 and indigestible neutral detergent fiber (INDF), as markers, and also the degradability using ground ear corn (GEC). Six treatments were used in a factorial design, with three milling degrees (3/8", 9/16" and 3/4") of ground ear corn and peanut meal or corn gluten feed as protein sources. The milling degrees of ground ear corn did not have effect on pH, N-NH 3 , digestibility (dry matter -DM, crude protein -CP, extract ether extract -EE, starch, neutral detergent fiber -NDF, acid detergent fiber -ADF) and ruminal degradability for DM and starch. Digestibility coefficients differed between two markers and were higher for Cr 2 O 3 . There was significant interaction for pH and N-NH 3 between protein sources and milling degree, but only on 9/16", with lowest pH value for peanut meal and lowest N-NH 3 concentration for corn gluten feed. There was no effect of milling degree on rumen degradability of dry matter, but there was protein sources effect, and the degradability was higher on corn gluten feed treatments. The starch degradability of GEC plus protein source did not differ between protein sources, but differed when only GEC on nylon bags was used, the starch degradability was higher in corn gluten feed treatments.Key Words: chromic oxide, corn gluten feed, indigestible NDF, peanu...

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, Galyean et al (1976) showed the influence of the mode of processing corn grains on ruminal pH, which averaged 6.2 possibly because of the high level of concentrate in the diet (85%). Galyean et al (1979) 17.13a 17.99a 13.29b NH 3 (ground corn grain) = 13.18 + 18.37 * t -9.03 * t 2 + 1.43 * t 3 -0.074 * t 4 / R 2 = 0.981 NH 3 (whole corn grain) = 14.03 + 18.37 * t -9.03 * t 2 + 1.43 * t 3 -0.074 * t 4 / R 2 = 0.981 NH 3 (whole corn grain treated with urea) = 9.34 + 18.37 * t -9.03 * t 2 + 1.43 * t 3 -0.074 * t 4 / R 2 = 0. Table 4 -Disappearance potential, degradation potential, time estimated for the beginning of degradation (lag time -hours) and effective degradability of fiber in acid detergent and sorghum silage cellulose grains ground to three different granulometries and did not find any significant differences in the ruminal fluid in the tested animals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of corn processing provided in the diet on the ruminal dynamics of dairy steer

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-The objective of the present study was to evaluate the ruminal dynamics of dairy steer fed diets containing whole corn grains, grains ground into grits or whole grain treated with urea. Thus, six rumen-fistulated animals were kept in confinement and fed diets with similar contents of energy and protein. The diet was formulated with 40:60 roughage:concentrate ratio in the dry matter using sorghum silage as roughage. The experiments followed a 3 × 3 latin square design, with three animals and three periods and they were repeated eith-er two or four times depending on the studied parameter, totaling six or 12 replicates per diet. Corn grain treatment did not affect the pH of the ruminal fluid neither the ruminal degradability of dry matter, acid detergent fiber and cellulose. All diets provided a concentration of amoniacal nitrogen suitable for ruminal microbial growth; however, for animals fed whole corn grain treated with urea, this concentration was significantly lower. Bacterial activity was lower in animals fed diets containing ground corn and they do not differ among animals fed whole corn grain or corn grains treated with urea.Key Words: bacterial activity, bovine, in situ degradability Influência do processamento do milho fornecido na dieta na dinâmica ruminal de novilhos leiteirosRESUMO -Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a dinâmica ruminal de novilhos leiteiros recebendo dietas contendo grão de milho inteiro, milho moído na forma de quirera ou milho inteiro tratado com ureia. Para isso, foram mantidos em regime de confinamento seis animais fistulados no rúmen alimentados com dietas com teores semelhantes de energia e proteína. A dieta foi formulada com relação volumoso:concentrado de 40:60 na matéria seca e continha silagem de sorgo como volumoso. O delineamento utilizado foi na forma de um quadrado latino 3 × 3, com três animais e três períodos, e foi repetido duas ou quatro vezes conforme o parâmetro estudado, totalizando seis ou 12 repetições por dieta. O tratamento do grão de milho não influenciou o pH do líquido ruminal nem a degradabilidade ruminal da matéria seca, fibra em detergente ácido e celulose. Todas as dietas propiciaram concentração de N-amoniacal adequada para o crescimento microbiano ruminal;

show abstract

Corn Particle Size and Site and Extent of Digestion by Steers

Cited by 94 publications

References 13 publications

Effects of rumen-escape starch and coarseness of ingredients in pelleted concentrates on performance and rumen wall characteristics of rosé veal calves

Effects of rumen-escape starch and coarseness of ingredients in pelleted concentrates on performance and rumen wall characteristics of rosé veal calves

Digestibilidade e degradabilidade de rações à base de milho desintegrado com palha e sabugo em diferentes graus de moagem

Influence of corn processing provided in the diet on the ruminal dynamics of dairy steer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About