Corneal Anatomy

González‐Andrades, Miguel; Argüeso, Pablo; Gipson, Ilene K.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01304-2_1

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The apical cell membrane of the corneal epithelial layer exhibits microvilli and microplicae, which expresses membrane-associated mucins to form the surface glycocalyx. , The glycocalyx not only contributes to formation of an optimal tear film but also provides a barrier to the penetration of large molecules and pathogens . The corneal epithelial cells with the glycocalyx create a gel-like layer of protection and stabilize the tear film.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cornea of the eye is transparent to light, wet with tears, exposed to air, and in mechanical contact with the eyelids. The anatomy on the surface of the cornea plays an important role in maintaining a wettable surface, mechanical strength, and dynamic lubricity . On the corneal surface, a soft hydrogel-like matrix called the glycocalyx containing a complex matrix of glycosaminoglycan provides the necessary wettability and lubricity and covers the collagen-rich layers beneath which provide the mechanical strength and optical properties of the cornea .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoscaled Morphology and Mechanical Properties of a Biomimetic Polymer Surface on a Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lens

et al. 2021

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Materials taking advantage of the characteristics of biological tissues are strongly sought after in medical science and bioscience. On the natural corneal tissue surface, the highly soft and lubricated surface is maintained by composite structures composed of hydrophilic biomolecules and substrates. To mimic this structure, the surface of a silicone hydrogel contact lens was modified with a biomimetic phospholipid polymer, poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC), and the nanoscaled morphology and mechanical properties of the surface were confirmed with advanced surface characterization and imaging techniques under an aqueous medium. Concavities and convexities on the nanometer order were recognized on the surface. The surface was completely covered with a PMPC layer and remained intact even after 30 days of clinical use in a human ocular environment. The mechanical properties of the natural corneal tissue and the PMPC-modified surface were similar in the living environment, that is, low modulus and frictional properties comparable to natural tissues. These results show the validity of material preparation by biomimetic methods. The methodologies developed in this study may contribute to future development of human-friendly medical devices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscaled Morphology and Mechanical Properties of a Biomimetic Polymer Surface on a Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lens

et al. 2021

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“…The cornea is horizontally oval with greater white-to-white (or limbus-to-limbus) diameters in the horizontal direction (11.71 ± 0.42 mm) than in the vertical direction (10.63 ± 0.63 mm) [1] , [55] , [56] . The cornea has a convex aspherical shape, with a gradually increasing thickness from the center to the periphery.…”

Section: Corneal Anatomy and Biomechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The human cornea is a transparent, avascular, and highly innervated tissue located at the outermost surface of the eye. It is the principal refracting surface for the eye (40–44 diopters, ∼65–75% of the total optical power) and serves as an important structural barrier protecting the delicate intraocular components [1] , [2] . Corneal tissue exhibits distinctive nonlinear, viscoelastic, and spatially heterogeneous biomechanical properties, which can influence the structural stability and therefore the visual function of the human eye.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo corneal elastography: A topical review of challenges and opportunities

Lan¹,

Twa²,

Song³

et al. 2023

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal

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“…The cornea is the outermost layer of the eye, acting as a barrier against the external environment and as the main diopter of the visual system 1 . Diseases that affect the cornea are one of the main causes of blindness in the world, ranking among the three most prevalent worldwide 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of non-linear mechanical behavior of the cornea

Yazdi

Melchor

Torres

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The objective of this study was to evaluate which hyperelastic model could best describe the nonlinear mechanical behavior of the cornea, in order to characterize the capability of the non-linear model parameters to discriminate structural changes in a damaged cornea. Porcine corneas were used, establishing two different groups: control (non-treated) and NaOH-treated (damaged) corneas (n = 8). NaOH causes a chemical burn to the corneal tissue, simulating a disease associated to structural damage of the stromal layer. Quasi-static uniaxial tensile tests were performed in nasaltemporal direction immediately after preparing corneal strips from the two groups. Three non-linear hyperelastic models (i.e. Hamilton-Zabolotskaya model, Ogden model and Mooney-Rivlin model) were fitted to the stress-strain curves obtained in the tensile tests and statistically compared. The corneas from the two groups showed a non-linear mechanical behavior that was best described by the Hamilton-Zabolotskaya model, obtaining the highest coefficient of determination (R 2 > 0.95). Moreover, Hamilton-Zabolotskaya model showed the highest discriminative capability of the nonlinear model parameter (Parameter A) for the tissue structural changes between the two sample groups (p = 0.0005). The present work determines the best hyperelastic model with the highest discriminative capability in description of the non-linear mechanical behavior of the cornea. The cornea is the outermost layer of the eye, acting as a barrier against the external environment and as the main diopter of the visual system 1. Diseases that affect the cornea are one of the main causes of blindness in the world, ranking among the three most prevalent worldwide 2. Among those, corneal ectasia or corneal ectatic disorders stand as a main priority because of their incidence and impact in young population. These are corneal disorders, such as keratoconus or pellucid marginal corneal degeneration, that cause alterations in the corneal structure, leading to corneal topographical changes with decreased corneal thickness and abnormal corneal curvature 3. This abnormal structure of the cornea, as a result of non-linear mechanical changes, finally causes visual impairment to the patient. Currently, the diagnose of corneal degenerations and other corneal diseases are mainly based on structural measurements of the cornea (i.e. curvature, thickness, etc.), while some studies covered in-vivo non-structural measurements using Oculus Corvis ST and Ocular Response Analyzer systems 4-6. These new, non-invasive systems can analyze corneal biomechanical properties, such as corneal hysteresis, including an estimation of intraocular pressure. However, we propose that non-linear mechanical parameters can be obtained from non-invasive elastography or probing technologies such as non-linear torsional waves, non-linearity in probing, non-linearity by micro-indentation to be used in diagnostics in-vivo without removing the cornea 7-9. Hence, quantifying the non-linear mechanical parameters of soft tissu...

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Corneal Anatomy

Cited by 11 publications

References 92 publications

Nanoscaled Morphology and Mechanical Properties of a Biomimetic Polymer Surface on a Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lens

Nanoscaled Morphology and Mechanical Properties of a Biomimetic Polymer Surface on a Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lens

In vivo corneal elastography: A topical review of challenges and opportunities

Characterization of non-linear mechanical behavior of the cornea

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