Corneal endothelial changes in long-term cannabinoid users

Polat, Nihat; Cumurcu, Birgül Elbozan; Cumurcu, Tongabay; Tuncer, İlknur

doi:10.1080/15569527.2017.1322098

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The possible inhibition of p38 MAP kinase may also be a possible theory for the hyperopic shift [10][11][12]. Effects of cannabinoids on the anterior segment of the eye are also multiplex, and some studies indicate decreased corneal endothelial density [13]. Further studies will be needed to assert the findings from this isolated presentation of the case to better understand the role of CBD oil in refractive errors of the eye, especially in a diabetic condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Change in Refractive Error Associated With the Use of Cannabidiol Oil

Ali

Gupta

2021

Cureus

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Cannabinoid (CBD) products have gained popularity since their legalization in 2018, causing a plethora of unregulated CBD products to be sold in the United States. These products are available in various combinations for topical and oral consumption, claiming credit for potentially improving various diseases. In this report, we present a newfound case reporting a shift in refraction that may be associated with the regular use of CBD oil supplements.A 57-year-old woman with a history of diabetes mellitus type 2, hyperlipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, with no change in medications, diet, or lifestyle was found to have a hyperopic shift in vision with the recent daily addition of CBD oil intake. This case report highlights the possible association of CBD oil and vision changes after regular consumption of CBD oil in an otherwise stable patient. Further study is required to understand the mechanisms of CBD oil-associated shift in refractive error. Because the patient is diabetic and the refraction shift was hyperopic, other etiologies, such as un-noted lenticular change, cannot be ruled out. CBD products are unregulated and marketed in many mixed forms, and thus can cause unforeseen effects on susceptible individuals. This warrants Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation of such products and extensive research before considering them for therapeutic usage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Change in Refractive Error Associated With the Use of Cannabidiol Oil

Ali

Gupta

2021

Cureus

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“…Moreover, it should be noted that there are challenges in formulation of these very lipophilic compounds. Their use may, in fact, either not be able to penetrate the target organs or result in dose-dependent ocular and systemic toxicity with chronic use [73,74]. Thus, future research should explore novel cannabinoid drug combinations, appropriate routes of local delivery and evaluate both acute and chronic dosing in representative models of ocular diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CannabinEYEds: The Endocannabinoid System as a Regulator of the Ocular Surface Nociception, Inflammatory Response, Neovascularization and Wound Healing

Aiello

Afflitto

et al. 2020

JCM

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The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex regulatory system, highly conserved among vertebrates. It has been widely described in nearly all human tissues. In the conjunctiva and cornea, the ECS is believed to play a pivotal role in the modulation of the local inflammatory state as well as in the regulation of tissue repair and fibrosis, neo-angiogenesis and pain perception. This review aims to summarize all the available data on ECS expression and its function in ocular surface structures to provide a specific insight concerning its modulation in dry eye disease, and to propose directions for future research.

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“…The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has also been found to play a role in lowering intraocular pressure, making cannabis a potential therapeutic agent in managing glaucoma. However, its side effects, i.e., tolerance and accompanying psycho-active influence have largely limited this use [64,65]. A mice study has shown topical application of cannabis extract to reduce corneal hyperalgesia and neutrophil infiltration resulting from superficial chemical injury of corneal epithelium [66].…”

Section: Ophthalmologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

"Considerations for the Use of Medical Cannabis: An Overview of Benefits and Harms"

Shakya¹,

Upadhaya

Neupane

et al. 2021

BJSTR

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Cannabis are products of the plants Cannabis Sativa and Cannabis Indica [1]. Cannabis is the most abused illicit drug and is cultivated in 151 nations [2]. Cannabinoids are major pharmacologically active compounds in cannabis which exist mainly as: endocannabinoids, phyto-cannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids [3]. Endocannabinoids (like anandamide), synthesized by human body, act on cannabinoid receptors (CB): CB1 (brain) and CB2 (immune system) of endocannabinoid system which plays a key role in maintaining body homeostasis. Phyto-cannabinoids are exogenous plant-derived cannabinoids concentrated in oil resin of the buds and the leaves of cannabis plants with affinity for mammalian cannabinoid receptors. Of more than 113 cannabinoids known, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, a major psychoactive compound) and cannabidiol (CBD, showing therapeutic potential) are major Phyto cannabinoids [4-6]. Synthetic Cannabinoids (like nabilone) are labmade molecules designed to mimic Phyto-cannabinoids action. To date, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved one cannabis-derived drug product (direct plant extract): Epidiolex (cannabidiol) and three synthetic cannabis-related products (synthetic isolates): Marinol (dronabinol), Syndros (dronabinol) and Cesamet (nabilone) [7]. Cannabis use is either 'medical' (treating symptoms/ conditions) or 'recreational' (getting high) [8]. Cannabis is kept under schedule-I (research and medical) drug and is prohibited ARTICLE INFO STRUCTURED ABSTRACTIntroduction: Cannabis use to treat various diseases or symptoms is not clearly defined. The purpose of this review is to explore the existing evidence regarding the harms and benefits of cannabis use across multiple illnesses. Material and Methods:Search for articles for this review was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar and PsycINFO. We summarize and discuss recent evidence regarding cannabis use in multiple neurological (including seizures, neurodegenerative disorders, multiple sclerosis), psychiatric (including depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety and psychotic illness) and other diseases (including chronic pain, cancer, vomiting, cardiovascular diseases, COVID-19). Results:The collated body of evidence shows that the benefit of its use (medicinal or recreational) mostly lacks adequate evidence warranting for further study. In pretext of already available better options (with better efficacy and safety), the consideration of this agent is seriously debatable. Conclusion:Harms or adverse effects of cannabis use clearly are evidence based and are at times serious (e.g. psychosis association), mainly from mental health perspective. Hence, its use should not be suggested and needs serious consideration before using it.

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Corneal endothelial changes in long-term cannabinoid users

Abstract: A significant decrease in CD was found in cannabinoid users compared the control group.

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Change in Refractive Error Associated With the Use of Cannabidiol Oil

Change in Refractive Error Associated With the Use of Cannabidiol Oil

CannabinEYEds: The Endocannabinoid System as a Regulator of the Ocular Surface Nociception, Inflammatory Response, Neovascularization and Wound Healing

"Considerations for the Use of Medical Cannabis: An Overview of Benefits and Harms"

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