Corneal hypoesthesia, aqueous tear deficiency, and neurotrophic keratopathy following micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in dogs

Sebbag, Lionel; Crabtree, Elizabeth E.; Sapienza, John S.; Kim, Kay; Rodríguez, Ernesto Suárez

doi:10.1111/vop.12705

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The similarities include the blink rate (14.2 vs. 17 blinks/min) (39,43), basal TTR (12.2 10-20%/min) (17,18), reflex TTR following eyedrop instillation (20-30 vs. 30%/min, respectively) (44), volumetric capacity of the palpebral fissure (31.3 vs. 25-30 µl) (1,14), and periocular spillage of excess solution. The aforementioned similarities justify the use of dogs as a translational model in ophthalmic research, especially given the presence of spontaneous canine diseases that closely resemble human conditions including keratoconjunctivitis sicca (45,46), herpetic keratitis (47), and neurotrophic keratopathy (48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Fluorescein in Tear Film After Eye Drop Instillation in Beagle Dogs: Does Size Really Matter?

et al. 2019

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The study aimed to determine the impact of drop size on tear film pharmacokinetics and assess important physiological parameters associated with ocular drug delivery in dogs. Two separate experiments were conducted in eight healthy Beagle dogs: (i) Instillation of one drop (35 µl) or two drops (70 µl) of 1% fluorescein solution in each eye followed by tear collections with capillary tubes from 0 to 180 min; (ii) Instillation of 10 to 100 µl of 0.1% fluorescein in each eye followed by external photography with blue excitation filter (to capture periocular spillage of fluorescein) and tear collections from 1 to 20 min (to capture tear turnover rate; TTR). Fluorescein concentrations were measured in tear samples with a fluorophotometer. The TTR was estimated based upon non-linear mixed-effects analysis of fluorescein decay curves. Tear film pharmacokinetics were not superior with instillation of two drops vs. one drop based on tear film concentrations, residual tear fluorescence, and area under the fluorescein-time curves (P ≥ 0.163). Reflex TTR varied from 20.2 to 30.5%/min and did not differ significantly (P = 0.935) among volumes instilled (10-100 µl). The volumetric capacity of the canine palpebral fissure (31.3 ± 8.9 µl) was positively correlated with the palpebral fissure length (P = 0.023). Excess solution was spilled over the periocular skin in a volume-dependent manner, predominantly in the lower eyelid, medial canthus and lateral canthus. In sum, a single drop is sufficient for topical administration in dogs. Any excess is lost predominantly by spillage over the periocular skin as well as accelerated nasolacrimal drainage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Fluorescein in Tear Film After Eye Drop Instillation in Beagle Dogs: Does Size Really Matter?

et al. 2019

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“…The filament length was shortened by 0.5-cm increments until a blink response was consistently noted in at least 3 out of 5 attempts, recorded in cm as the corneal tactile sensation (CTS). 25 • Tear film breakup time (TFBUT): Fluorescein 10% solution was diluted 1:5 with eyewash (OCuSOFT ® eye wash,…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of acute conjunctivitis on ocular surface homeostasis in dogs

Sebbag

Soler

Allbaugh

et al. 2020

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Objective To investigate the effects of acute conjunctivitis on tear film characteristics and corneal sensitivity in dogs. Animals studied Eight female spayed Beagle dogs (1.5‐2 years old, 7.5‐10 kg). Procedures On two consecutive days, one randomly selected eye in each dog received 1 or 375 mg/mL histamine solution to induce mild or severe conjunctivitis, while the contralateral eye served as control. Diagnostic tests were performed in the following order: fluorescein instillation and repeated tear collection over 20 minutes (to determine tear volume [TV] and turnover rate [TTR] by fluorophotometry), Schirmer tear test‐1 (STT‐1), tear ferning, corneal esthesiometry, and tear film breakup time (TFBUT). Results Results are presented as median values for severe conjunctivitis, mild conjunctivitis, and control eyes. Eyes with severe conjunctivitis had significantly higher STT‐1 (24, 19.5, 17.5 mm/min; P = .002) and significantly lower TFBUT (10.5, 13.5, 15.5 s; P = .002), but no changes were noted in corneal tactile sensation (2, 2.5, 2.5 cm) or tear ferning (grades 2, 2, 2.5). Severe conjunctivitis significantly increased TV by nearly 10‐fold (631, 97, 65 µL) initially (reflex tearing), although basal TV returned rapidly (<5 minutes) in all eyes (46, 58, 48 µL). Finally, there was a nonsignificant trend for higher reflex TTR in the conjunctivitis vs control eyes (68, 58, 43%/min). Conclusions Experimentally induced conjunctivitis increases tear quantity and decreases tear quality in dogs, but has no impact on corneal sensitivity. Changes in tear film dynamics could affect ocular pharmacology (eg, precorneal retention time), although homeostasis of lacrimal volume and drainage is rapidly restored.

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“…Dogs can serve as models for other ocular surface diseases such as corneal endothelial dystrophy (analogous to Fuch's dystrophy in humans), 152 limbal stem cell deficiency, 300 ocular surface squamous neoplasia 301 and neurotrophic keratopathy, 302 among others.…”

Section: Spontaneous and Experimental Models Of Ocular Surface Disordmentioning

confidence: 99%

An eye on the dog as the scientist's best friend for translational research in ophthalmology: Focus on the ocular surface

Sebbag

Mochel

2020

Medicinal Research Reviews

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Preclinical animal studies provide valuable opportunities to better understand human diseases and contribute to major advances in medicine. This review provides a comprehensive overview of ocular parameters in humans and selected animals, with a focus on the ocular surface, detailing species differences in ocular surface anatomy, physiology, tear film dynamics and tear film composition. We describe major pitfalls that tremendously limit the translational potential of traditional laboratory animals (i.e., rabbits, mice, and rats) in ophthalmic research, and highlight the benefits of integrating companion dogs with clinical analogues to human diseases into preclinical pharmacology studies. This One Health approach can help accelerate and improve the framework in which ophthalmic research is translated to the human clinic. Studies can be conducted in canine subjects with naturally occurring or noninvasively induced ocular surface disorders (e.g., dry eye disease, conjunctivitis), reviewed herein, and tear fluid can be easily retrieved from canine eyes for various bioanalytical purposes. In this review, we discuss common tear collection methods, including capillary tubes and Schirmer tear strips, and provide guidelines for tear sampling and extraction to improve the reliability of analyte quantification (drugs, proteins, others).

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Corneal hypoesthesia, aqueous tear deficiency, and neurotrophic keratopathy following micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in dogs

Cited by 21 publications

References 39 publications

Kinetics of Fluorescein in Tear Film After Eye Drop Instillation in Beagle Dogs: Does Size Really Matter?

Kinetics of Fluorescein in Tear Film After Eye Drop Instillation in Beagle Dogs: Does Size Really Matter?

Impact of acute conjunctivitis on ocular surface homeostasis in dogs

An eye on the dog as the scientist's best friend for translational research in ophthalmology: Focus on the ocular surface

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