Cornerstones of Toxicology

Hayes, A. Wallace; Dixon, Darlene

doi:10.1177/0192623316675768

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The degree of harmfulness and safety seems to depend on the chemical dose. Therefore, this concept has become the hub of modern toxicology, meaning that dose determines toxicity (Hayes and Dixon, 2017).…”

Section: Toxicology Of Scopoletinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scopoletin: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity

Gao,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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Scopoletin is a coumarin synthesized by diverse medicinal and edible plants, which plays a vital role as a therapeutic and chemopreventive agent in the treatment of a variety of diseases. In this review, an overview of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of scopoletin is provided. In addition, the prospects and outlook for future studies are appraised. Scopoletin is indicated to have antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-angiogenesis, anti-oxidation, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective properties and immunomodulatory effects in both in vitro and in vivo experimental trials. In addition, it is an inhibitor of various enzymes, including choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, and monoamine oxidase. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated the low bioavailability, rapid absorption, and extensive metabolism of scopoletin. These properties may be associated with its poor solubility in aqueous media. In addition, toxicity research indicates the non-toxicity of scopoletin to most cell types tested to date, suggesting that scopoletin will neither induce treatment-associated mortality nor abnormal performance with the test dose. Considering its favorable pharmacological activities, scopoletin has the potential to act as a drug candidate in the treatment of cancer, liver disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, and mental disorders. In view of its merits and limitations, scopoletin is a suitable lead compound for the development of new, efficient, and low-toxicity derivatives. Additional studies are needed to explore its molecular mechanisms and targets, verify its toxicity, and promote its oral bioavailability.

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Section: Toxicology Of Scopoletinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scopoletin: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity

Gao,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…There is a myriad of challenges that the forensic laboratory faces with ever-increasing toxicology demands. These diverse challenges include rapidly emerging and changing unknown substances in the drug market, legislation requirements (e.g., cannabis legalization, 2018 Farm Bill for hemp products, fentanyl analogs), analytical requirements, testing turnaround times, and training [ 2 , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] ]; U.S. Congress, 2018).…”

Section: Toxicology Demandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rapidly expanding unknown substances of abuse, characterized as emerging drug threats, require constant surveillance by forensic toxicologists [ 2 ]. These emerging substances continue to evolve and change, forcing identification and detection schemes to keep up or risk non-discovery [ 2 , 24 ]. These drug threats have driven forensic toxicologists to adopt new methods for detection and identification.…”

Section: Toxicology Demandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although toxicology has advanced over time, it has retained the notion that “the dose makes the poison,” and toxicologists must remain observant of this concept with the abuse of emergent drugs at an all-time high [ 2 , 24 ]. The continuous introduction of unknown misused substances complicates laboratory development of robust and validated methods and complex case interpretation are standards [ 29 ].…”

Section: Toxicology Demandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The sentinel role of forensic toxicology laboratories to identify and act upon diverse drug threats by addressing toxicology and economic demands

Miller

Mullen

Speaker

2022

Forensic Science International: Synergy

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Chemical Warfare Agents

Costanzi

2020

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Chemical weapons are weapons that exploit the toxicity of chemicals to bring about death or harm. The toxic chemicals on which chemical weapons are based are known as chemical warfare agents. This article starts by providing some definitions of chemical weapons and chemical warfare agents as well an overview of key toxicology concepts and some notes on the physicochemical properties of the agents. Subsequently, it illustrates the chemistry, biochemistry, and medical countermeasures of the main classes of chemical warfare agents, namely vesicants, choking agents, blood agents, irritants, nerve agents, and centrally incapacitating agents.

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Cornerstones of Toxicology

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Scopoletin: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity

Scopoletin: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity

The sentinel role of forensic toxicology laboratories to identify and act upon diverse drug threats by addressing toxicology and economic demands

Chemical Warfare Agents

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