Coronary Artery Disease and Atherosclerotic Risk Factors in a Population-Based Study of Sudden Death

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sudden death is a public health problem with major impact on society. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is believed to underlie 60-80% of these deaths. While deaths from CAD have decreased in the recent decades, sudden death rates remain unacceptably high. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the prevalence of CAD and its risk factors among 18-64-year-old adults in a population-based case registry of sudden deaths and compare them to a living population from the same geographical area. DESIGN: From 2013 to 2015, all sudden deaths among 18-64-year-old adults in Wake County, NC, were identified (n = 371). A comparison group was formed by randomly selecting individuals from an electronic health record repository of a major healthcare system in the area (N = 4218). MAIN MEASURES: Prevalence of CAD and its risk factors among cases of sudden death and living population across sex and age groups. Odds of sudden death associated with atherosclerotic risk factors and comorbidities. KEY RESULTS: CAD was present in 14.8% of sudden death cases. Among sudden death victims, most risk factors and comorbidities were more common in the older age group, except for obesity which was more common in younger cases, and diabetes which was equally prevalent in younger and older cases. Compared to living population, sudden death cases had higher prevalence of atherosclerotic risk factors across all gender and age groups. Sudden death cases had a numerically higher number of risk factors compared to living population, regardless of age group or presence of CAD. CONCLUSIONS: Coronary artery disease is not common among sudden death cases, but risk factors and comorbidities are prevalent. Our findings support the changing etiology of sudden death. In the absence of clinically diagnosed CAD, use of novel imaging modalities and biomarkers may identify high-risk individuals and lead to prevention of sudden death.

Monocyte to Lymphocyte Ratio, A Novel Predictor of Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Valve Surgery

“…Diabetes mellitus was defined as a self-reported history of diabetes, or fasting blood glucose≥7.0 mmol/L or the use of insulin and/or oral hypoglycemic medications [Association 2013]. History of coronary artery disease (CAD) was defined as a physician's diagnosis of CAD, prior myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization (percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft) [Joodi 2019].…”

Characteristics of sudden death by clinical criteria

“…However, we have found, as have others, [ 12 , 13 ] that coronary artery disease is less common in the modern era than anticipated. [ 14 ] Other risk factors are common and include hypertension, [ 15 , 16 ] left ventricular hypertrophy, [ 16 , 17 ] diabetes, [ 18 ] metabolic syndrome, [ 19 ] chronic respiratory disease, [ 20 , 21 ] mental illness, [ 22 , 23 ] and substance misuse. [ 22 ] These risk factors are consistent with pro-arrhythmic effects leading to ventricular fibrillation.…”

Cross-Sectional Survey of Clinical Trials of Stem Cell Therapy for Heart Disease Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov

“…The study population comprised adults and older adults in most clinical trials (88.80%). This may be because of safety considerations, and because coronary heart disease and heart failure mostly occur in middle-aged and older adults ( 30 , 31 ).…”