Coronary artery ectasia and inflammatory cytokines: Link with a predominant Th-2 immune response?

Triantafyllis, Andreas S.; Καλογερόπουλος, Ανδρέας; Rigopoulos, Angelos; Sakadakis, Eleftherios; Toumpoulis, Ioannis K.; Tsikrikas, Spyros; Kremastinos, Dimitrios Th.; Rizos, Ioannis

doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2013.05.003

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Comparable circulating coagulation function among the CAE, CAD, and control groups did not eliminate the possibility that thrombus formation may be improperly triggered. In fact, in the ectatic vessels and/or segments of CAE patients, the presence of slow and turbulent blood flow, 16 – 18 endothelial dysfunction, 19 , 20 vulnerable plaque, 21 proatherogenic and prothrombotic properties of lipoprotein(a), 22 chronic inflammatory conditions 16 , 23 – 25 as well as platelet dysfunction 26 , 27 can facilitate thrombus formation. However, most of those factors could not be evaluated by in vitro tests, or in some cases the plasma levels of cytokines and/or biomarkers were not precisely consistent with the changes in the endothelium and vascular wall of the localized coronary arteries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disequilibrium of Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolytic System in Patients With Coronary Artery Ectasia

Liu

Chen

et al. 2016

Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thrombus formation and myocardial infarction are not uncommon in patients with coronary artery ectasia (CAE). In light of this, the present study aims to systemically evaluate the blood coagulation and fibrinolytic systems in CAE patients. In this study, we enrolled 30 patients with CAE, 30 patients with coronary atherosclerosis disease (CAD), and 29 subjects with normal coronary arteries (control). The coagulation system was evaluated using a routine coagulation function test performed in the hospital laboratory before coronary angiography, and measurements included prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen time, and thrombin time. The evaluation of the fibrinolytic system included measurements of D-dimer, euglobulin lysis time, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, plasminogen, plasminogen activity assay, α1-antitrypsin (α1-AT), α2 plasmin inhibitor (α2-PI), and α2-macroglobulin (α2-MG). Alpha1-AT, α2-PI, and α2-MG also inhibit activities of 3 neutrophil serine proteases, namely human neutrophil elastase (HNE), cathepsin G (CG), and proteinase 3 (PR3); therefore, the plasma levels of these 3 proteinases were also evaluated.In CAE patients, the circulating coagulation system was normal. For the fibrinolytic system, a decrease of plasminogen activity was observed (P = 0.029) when compared with CAD patients, and the concentrations of α1-AT (both P < 0.001), α2-PI (P = 0.002 and P = 0.025), and α2-MG (P = 0.034 and P < 0.001) were significantly elevated when compared with CAD patients and normal controls. Moreover, the plasma levels of HNE (both P < 0.001) and CG (P = 0.027 and 0.016) in CAE patients were also significantly higher than those of the CAD and control groups. There was no difference in plasma PR3 concentration among these 3 groups.Disequilibrium of the coagulation/fibrinolytic system may contribute to thrombus formation and clinical coronary events in patients with CAE. The increased plasma concentrations of α1-AT, α2-PI, and α2-MG might provide beneficial effects by inhibiting the proteinases and restraining the ectatic process; on other hand, they led to unfavorable results by inhibiting plasmin and decreasing thrombus degradation in CAE patients.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disequilibrium of Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolytic System in Patients With Coronary Artery Ectasia

Liu

Chen

et al. 2016

Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The production of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α is increased in the presence of vitamin D deficiency, and the involvement of these cytokines in heart failure has already been established . Also, the level of these cytokines in CAE is elevated . Considering such evidence, we can hypothesize that a considerable rise may occur in the level of inflammatory cytokines and lead to myocardial dysfunction in the presence of vitamin D deficiency and CAE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Several etiologies have been proposed for this condition, with atherosclerosis accounting for about half of CAE cases and autoimmune diseases and congenital anomalies constituting other major causes . It has been demonstrated that several systems are involved in CAE formation such as the nitric oxide system, renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system, matrix metalloproteinase system, and inflammation system . The clinical presentations of patients affected by CAE include a variety of manifestations that range from angina and myocardial infarction to sudden cardiac death .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of longitudinal left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery ectasia and vitamin D deficiency by 2D speckle tracking echocardiography

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Chronic vascular infl ammation has been stressed as the common denominator in all cases with CAE [1,3,6,9]. Conventional infl ammatory markers like cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukins and T helper (Th ) lymphocyte activation have been found elevated in CAE patients, and the abovementioned markers are considered as good markers of systemic infl ammation [25,26]. On the other hand, markers like infl ammatory cells e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of insulin like growth factor-1 in development of coronary artery ectasia

Aktürk¹,

Bıyık

Yalçın³

et al. 2014

Biomol Biomed

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is characterized by inappropriate dilatation of the coronary vasculature. The mechanisms of CAE are not well known. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) may make endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells more sensitive to the effects of growth hormone. In the present study, we hypothesized that IGF-1 may have an impact on the formation of ectasia and aneurysm in arterial system, and aimed to investigate the associations between the presence of CAE and serum IGF-1 levels in patients undergoing coronary angiography. The study included 2.980 subjects undergoing elective diagnostic coronary angiography. We selected 40 patients diagnosed with CAE as CAE group and 44 subjects with absolutely normal coronary arteries were assigned as normal control group. IGF-1 levels were measured in both groups of patients. Groups were similar in terms of age, sex and coronary artery disease risk factors. The serum IGF-1 levels were significantly higher in CAE patients with 109.64 ± 54.64 ng/mL than in controls with 84.76 ± 34.01 ng/mL (p=0.016). HDL levels were lower in ectasia group with 41.5 ± 10.7 mg/dL than controls with 47.7 ± 10.4 mg/dL (p=0.018). By means of logistic regression analysis, high IGF-1 and low HDL levels were found to be independent risk factors for the presence of CAE (p<0.02, p<0.016, respectively). The study revealed that there was a positive correlation between serum IGF-1 levels and presence of CAE, and high IGF-1 levels and low HDL levels were independent risk factors for the presence of CAE. Future studies are needed to confirm these results.

show abstract

Coronary artery ectasia and inflammatory cytokines: Link with a predominant Th-2 immune response?

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

Disequilibrium of Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolytic System in Patients With Coronary Artery Ectasia

Disequilibrium of Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolytic System in Patients With Coronary Artery Ectasia

Evaluation of longitudinal left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery ectasia and vitamin D deficiency by 2D speckle tracking echocardiography

Impact of insulin like growth factor-1 in development of coronary artery ectasia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About