Coronary flow reserve is impaired in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Association with liver fibrosis

Epicardial fat, cardiac geometry and cardiac function in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Association with the severity of liver disease

“…LV mass was calculated in grams using the following formula: 0.8×(1.04[(LVID + IVS + PWT) 3 − LVID3]) +0.6. (1) LVM was normalized for height to the 2.7 power…”

“…In addition to an expected risk for disease progression from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to bridging fibrosis, cirrhosis and its complications [1], NAFLD patients are also at higher risk of early asymptomatic cardiovascular alterations and/or frank cardiovascular disease [2]. Specifically, NAFLD, diagnosed either by ultrasonography or by liver biopsy, has been associated with a higher prevalence of low coronary flow reserve [3], coronary calcification [4], and carotid atherosclerosis [5][6][7] well-before the occurrence of cardiovascular events. These alterations have been partly associated with the severity of liver damage, measured by both lobular inflammation and fibrosis.…”

Composite prognostic models across the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease spectrum: Clinical application in developing countries

“…In addition to its prognostic importance, confirmation of advanced hepatic fibrosis may identify patients eligible for enrolment in screening programs aimed at monitoring risk for progression to cirrhosis and its associated complications [93] . Fibrosis severity is moreover correlated with greater carotid intima media thickness measurements, decreased coronary blood flow reserves as well as microvascular dysfunction, suggesting that patients with advanced fibrotic injury should be considered at high-risk for CVD, warranting more aggressive and sustained intervention via lifestyle-based risk reduction methods [94,95] . Several scoring panels used for the prediction of advanced hepatic fibrosis are outlined in Table 3.…”

Impaired Myocardial Perfusion Reserve in Patients With Fatty Liver Disease Assessed by Quantitative Myocardial Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging

“…In a recent study evaluating NAFLD patients in Europe, abnormal coronary flow reserve was found in 42% of patients without clinical signs of CAD, by using transthoracic Doppler harmonic echocardiography. 9 However, no data are currently available regarding the relationship between fatty liver and altered myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) in the Japanese population. First-pass contrast-enhanced myocardial perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a method of detecting the presence and measuring the extent of hypoperfusion caused by flow-limiting CAD.…”