CoronaVac: A review of efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2

Jin, Lairun; Li, Zhuopei; Zhang, Xiaoyin; Li, Jingxin; Zhu, Fengcai

doi:10.1080/21645515.2022.2096970

Cited by 50 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…Immunogenicity was defined as the percentage of participants achieving a seroconversion response of nAbs. Previous studies showed that seroconversion for nAbs ranged from 80% to 90% among healthy adults ( 9 – 11 ) and was 71% among PLWH in the Brazil study ( 24 ). We assumed that a seroconversion rate of nAbs is 70% in PLWH and 87% in healthy adults.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…CoronaVac is the most widely utilized COVID-19 vaccine in China and has been introduced globally in more than 20 low-income and middle-income countries, such as Brazil, Chile, and Turkey (5)(6)(7). Studies showed that a two-dose CoronaVac regimen was effective in terms of an overall 67.7% (95% Confidence interval (CI), 35.9% to 83.7%) efficacy for the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19 and a 92% positivity of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) among healthy adults (7)(8)(9)(10)(11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The safety and immunogenicity of a two-dose schedule of CoronaVac, and the immune persistence of vaccination for six months, in people living with HIV: A multicenter prospective cohort study

et al. 2023

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BackgroundPeople living with HIV (PLWH) are more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2. However, evidence on the immunogenicity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in this population is insufficient. The objective of this study is to assess the immunogenicity and safety of the two-dose schedule of Sinovac CoronaVac for 6 months postvaccination in PLWH.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study among PLWH and HIV-negative adults in China. Participants who received two doses of CoronaVac prior to the recruitment were allocated into two groups and followed up for 6 months. The neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), immunoglobulin G against the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein (S-IgG), and gamma-interferon (IFN-γ) were measured to assess the associations among CoronaVac immunogenicity and related factors. Adverse reactions were collected to evaluate the safety profile of vaccination.ResultsA total of 203 PLWH and 100 HIV-negative individuals were enrolled. A small portion of participants reported mild or moderate adverse reactions without serious adverse events. Median nAbs level in PLWH (31.96 IU/mL, IQR: 12.34-76.40) was lower than that in the control group (46.52 IU/mL, IQR: 29.08-77.30) at the 2-4 weeks postvaccination (P=0.002), and the same trend was presented for median S-IgG titer (37.09 vs. 60.02 IU/ml) (both P <0.05). The nAbs seroconversion rate in the PLWH group was also lower than in the control group (75.86% vs. 89.00%). After then, the immune responses reduced over time in term of only 23.04% of PLWH and 36.00% of HIV-negative individuals had a positive seroconversion for nAbs at 6-month. The multivariable generalized estimating equation analysis showed that PLWH with CD4+T count≥350 cells/µL presented higher immune response than PLWH with CD4+T count <350 cells/µL in terms of antibody seroconversion and titers. The immunogenicity did not differ in participants with low or high HIV viral load. The S-antigen specific IFN-γ immunity was generally stable and had a slow attenuation in both two groups for 6 months postvaccination.ConclusionThe Sinovac CoronaVac was generally safe and immunogenic in PLWH, but the immunity response was inferior and the antibodies vanished faster compared to HIV-negative individuals. This study suggested a shorter than 6-month interval of prime-boost vaccination for PLWH to ensure a better protection.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The safety and immunogenicity of a two-dose schedule of CoronaVac, and the immune persistence of vaccination for six months, in people living with HIV: A multicenter prospective cohort study

et al. 2023

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“…The immunity level of CoronaVac has increased after receiving the second dose; Angkasekwinai N. et al reported ten times increase in antibody levels in those who received a second dose of CoronaVac [ 25 ]. It is possible that an increase in immunogenicity after the second dose confers protection since multiple countries that used CoronaVac as a primary vaccine addressed great protection against severe disease caused by VOCs in fully vaccinated individuals [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 could lower the risk of progressing to severe outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in Reducing Severe Illness in Thailand: A Retrospective Cohort Study

et al. 2023

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Two primary vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been rolled out in the mass vaccination campaign that started simultaneously with the spread of the delta variant. To explore the vaccines’ effect on reducing viral load and disease severity, we conducted a retrospective cohort study in Thai patients aged ≥ 18 years who were confirmed COVID-19 positive by RT-PCR. Compared to unvaccinated patients, Ct values and the number of severe cases among vaccine regimens were analyzed. Ct values of vaccinated patients were not significantly different from unvaccinated patients, despite an increase of Ct values in a booster dose. The adjusted odd ratio for prevention of delta-related severe diseases was 0.47, 95% CI: 0.30–0.76 and 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01–0.45 after receiving one dose and two doses, respectively. No severe illness was found in booster-vaccinated individuals. Focusing on the vaccine types, one dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 gave significant protection, whereas one dose of CoronaVac did not (0.49, 95% CI: 0.30–0.79, p = 0.003 vs. 0.28, 95% CI: 0.04–2.16, p = 0.223). Two-dose vaccination showed robust protective effects in all subpopulations regardless of vaccine type. Vaccinations with two primary vaccines could not reduce viral load in patients with COVID-19, but could prevent severe illness.

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“…Therefore, it will be crucial that we will know what vaccines are effective against specific current and future SARS-CoV-2 strains, such as the Omicron variant (and its subvariants such as BA.4, BA.5 and BA.2.75 ('Centaurus') [91]). Some efficacy data for the Omicron variant are available for the Johnson & Johnson Ad26.COV2.S [76], Sinovac CoronaVac [83] and Sinopharm [85] vaccines, but the numbers of subjects are still relatively small, making it difficult to draw any conclusions. Moreover, some studies also measure the efficacy of multiple vaccinations and boosters [22,35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jin et al [83] summarized the results of clinical trials and real-world studies of the CoronaVac vaccine. The overall efficacy for the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19 (before the emergence of variants of concern) using two doses was 67.7%.…”

Section: The Sinovac Coronavac Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

Literature analysis of the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations

Hulsen

2022

Preprint

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The COVID-19 pandemic is the largest epidemic of the 21st century so far. Over 650 million people have already been infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. One of the ways to stop this pandemic, is to vaccinate the population and gain herd immunity. Many different vaccines are being used around the world, with differing efficacy. This review summarizes the 79 publications on the efficacy of the currently existing COVID-19 vaccines. It shows that there are eleven vaccines that have efficacy data published in a PubMed-indexed scientific journal. Most research has been done on the Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162B2 vaccine, and the eleven vaccines generally have a high efficacy in preventing illness. The Pfizer (86%-100%), Moderna (93.2%-94.1%), Sputnik-V (91.6%) and Novavax (~90%) vaccines show the highest efficacy, followed by the Sinovac (83.5%), QazCovid-in 82%) and Covaxin (77.8%) vaccines. The Oxford/AstraZeneca (69% - 81.5%) and Johnson & Johnson (66%) vaccines have lower efficacy in preventing illness. This overview also shows efficacies other than in preventing illness (e.g. asymptomatic, severe illness, hospitalization, death) in some cases. The results also show that the vaccines have specific effects on specific age groups (e.g. adolescents, adults, elderly) and people with diseases (e.g. leukemia, other cancers, HIV). Future research in this area will mostly focus on vaccine efficacy on specific strains of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (such as the Omicron variant) as well as the efficacy of booster vaccinations.

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CoronaVac: A review of efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 50 publications

References 69 publications

The safety and immunogenicity of a two-dose schedule of CoronaVac, and the immune persistence of vaccination for six months, in people living with HIV: A multicenter prospective cohort study

The safety and immunogenicity of a two-dose schedule of CoronaVac, and the immune persistence of vaccination for six months, in people living with HIV: A multicenter prospective cohort study

The Effects of CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in Reducing Severe Illness in Thailand: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Literature analysis of the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations

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