Coronavirus COVID-19 impacts to dentistry and potential salivary diagnosis

Sabino-Silva, Robinson; Jardim, Ana Carolina Gomes; Siqueira, Walter L.

doi:10.1007/s00784-020-03248-x

Cited by 550 publications

(655 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The potential for transmission via salivary bioaerosols poses a particularly significant danger to healthcare workers that operate in close proximity to the face and oral cavities, such as dental practitioners; oral-maxillofacial surgeons; ear, nose, and throat (ENT; otorhinolaryngology) surgeons; and ophthalmologists, especially when carrying out procedures that generate aerosols [41,42]. Indeed, the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in the significant curtailment of services provided by these health professionals, posing a significant public health problem, as important and highly prevalent oral and ENT conditions cannot be adequately treated during this epidemic [41][42][43][44]. Thus, understanding the role of salivary aerosols in COVID-19 transmission is imperative, as is an appreciation of the effect of various environmental and therapeutic interventions on the extent of aerosol creation, and the development of strategies to minimise the risk to both health professionals and patients alike.…”

Section: Salivary Droplets and Bioaerosols: A Hidden Foe In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva—Friend and Foe in the COVID-19 Outbreak

Han

Ivanovski

2020

Diagnostics

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The coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global ongoing pandemic. Timely, accurate and non-invasive SARS-CoV-2 detection in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, as well as determination of their immune status, will facilitate effective large-scale pandemic control measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Saliva is a biofluid whose anatomical source and location is of particularly strategic relevance to COVID-19 transmission and monitoring. This review focuses on the role of saliva as both a foe (a common mode of viral transmission via salivary droplets and potentially aerosols) and a friend (as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for viral detection and immune status surveillance) in combating COVID-19.

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Section: Salivary Droplets and Bioaerosols: A Hidden Foe In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva—Friend and Foe in the COVID-19 Outbreak

Han

Ivanovski

2020

Diagnostics

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“…In clinical practice, the detection methods have been rapidly updated due to the deepening understanding of COVID-19. Nucleic acid testing, chest CT, confirmation of epidemiological history and clinical manifestations are important bases for the diagnosis of novel coronavirus pneumonia [7][8][9][10]. However, nucleic acid testing has operator restrictions, time-consuming, easy to pollution and the high cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection by Detection of Nucleocapsid Protein

Diao

Wen

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

186

189

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BACKGROUND Nucleic acid test and antibody assay have been employed in the diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the use of viral antigen for diagnosis has not been successfully developed. Theoretically, viral antigen is the specific marker of the virus and precedes antibody appearance within the infected population. There is a clear need of detection of viral antigen for rapid and early diagnosis.METHODS We included a cohort of 239 participants with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection from 7 centers for the study. We measured nucleocapsid protein in nasopharyngeal swab samples in parallel with the nucleic acid test. Nucleic acid test was taken as the reference standard, and statistical evaluation was taken in blind. We detected nucleocapsid protein in 20 urine samples in another center, employing nasopharyngeal swab nucleic acid test as reference standard. RESULTSWe developed a fluorescence immunochromatographic assay for detecting nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab sample and urine within 10 minutes. 100% of nucleocapsid protein positive and negative participants accord with nucleic acid test for same samples. Further, earliest participant after 3 days of fever can be identified by the method. In an additional preliminary study, we detected nucleocapsid protein in urine in 73.6% of diagnosed COVID-19 patients.CONCLUSIONS Those findings indicate that nucleocapsid protein assay is an accurate, rapid, early and simple method for diagnosis of COVID-19. Appearance of nucleocapsid protein in urine coincides our finding of the SARS-CoV-2 invading kidney and might be of diagnostic value.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is currently under intensive evaluation 8,31,32 . The IgG detection method described in this work can be easily adapted to detect and quantify other types of antibodies such as IgM and IgA 31,33,34 . The concept for SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein detection can also be adapted to detect other types of viral antigens (such as the SARS-CoV-2 N protein), as described in Figure S5.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and quantitative detection of COVID-19 markers in micro-liter sized samples

Tan

Lin

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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COVID-19 pandemic has caused tens of thousands of deaths and is now a severe threat to global health. Clinical practice has demonstrated that the SARS-CoV-2 S1 specific antibodies and viral antigens can be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers of COVID-19. However, the popular point-of-care biomarker detection technologies, such as the lateral-flow test strips, provide only yes/no information and have very limited sensitivities. Thus, it has a high false negative rate and cannot be used for the quantitative evaluation of patient's immune response. Conventional ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), on the other hand, can provide quantitative, accurate, and sensitive results, but it involves complicated and expensive instruments and long assay time. In addition, samples need to be sent to centralized labs, which significantly increases the turn-around time. Here, we present a microfluidic ELISA technology for rapid (15-20 minutes), quantitative, sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 biomarkers using SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and viral antigen -S protein in serum. We also characterized various humanized monoclonal IgG, and identified a candidate with a high binding affinity towards SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein that can serve as the calibration standard of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG in serological analyses. Furthermore, we demonstrated that our microfluidic ELISA platform can be used for rapid affinity evaluation of monoclonal anti-S1 antibodies. The microfluidic ELISA device is highly portable and requires less than 10 L of samples for each channel. Therefore, our technology will greatly facilitate rapid and quantitative analysis of COVID-19 patients and vaccine recipients at point-of-care.was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.

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Coronavirus COVID-19 impacts to dentistry and potential salivary diagnosis

Cited by 550 publications

References 21 publications

Saliva—Friend and Foe in the COVID-19 Outbreak

Saliva—Friend and Foe in the COVID-19 Outbreak

Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection by Detection of Nucleocapsid Protein

Rapid and quantitative detection of COVID-19 markers in micro-liter sized samples

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