Coronavirus disease 2019 and gastrointestinal disorders in children

Tjernberg, Anna Röckert; Malmborg, Petter; Mårild, Karl

doi:10.1177/17562848231177612

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 173 publications

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“…The relationship between IBD and SARS-CoV-2 has garnered attention in the scientific community, particularly in understanding how these conditions interact in different age groups. Both children and adults with gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, including celiac disease and IBD, do not appear to have an increased risk of experiencing severe cases of COVID-19, including hospitalization, critical care requirements, and mortality [31,32]. Compared to adults, however, children with IBD have a milder COVID-19 disease course, and fewer of them require hospitalization or intensive care for COVID-19 [12].…”

Section: The Impact Of Covid-19 On the Incidence Outcomes And Managem...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases—From Expectations to Reality

Trandafir,

Spoiala,

Ghiga

et al. 2024

JPM

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Viral infections have always been considered a threat to global health, with numerous outbreaks across time. Despite the relative recent experience with coronavirus-associated diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome-2’s (SARS-CoV-2) continuous evolution displays a different behavior. With a tropism for both respiratory and digestive mucosa, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) seem to share a particular common background. Current literature offers evidence that viral alteration of the immune system, inflammatory intestinal tissue damage, increased intestinal permeability, incomplete viral clearance with viral antigen persistence, and intestinal dysbiosis, might explain SARS-CoV-2–IBD relationship in terms of etiopathogenesis and evolution. The hyperinflammatory state that both entities have in common explains the lack of success of current IBD therapy, raising the need for new personalized therapeutic options, with better outcomes for IBD and COVID-19 as well. This review aims to summarize the current available data on pediatric IBD evolution, management, and outcomes in the post-COVID period, with an emphasis on the particular aspects of the SARS-CoV-2–IBD relationship in children.

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Section: The Impact Of Covid-19 On the Incidence Outcomes And Managem...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases—From Expectations to Reality

Trandafir,

Spoiala,

Ghiga

et al. 2024

JPM

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Impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in children with functional abdominal pain disorders: Data from long‐term follow‐up

Martinelli,

Strisciuglio,

et al. 2024

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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ObjectiveWe aimed to compare symptom frequency and severity in children with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) and to evaluate anxiety, quality of life (QoL) and global health during Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) related quarantine and after 17 months.MethodsChildren diagnosed with FAPDs between October 2019 and February 2020 at 5 different centers were enrolled and prospectively interviewed during the COVID‐19 quarantine and 17 months later when schools, hospital services, and routine activities had re‐opened to the public. The patients were asked to complete the Rome IV questionnaire, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0) Generic Core Scale, the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) anxiety and global health questionnaires. Data about COVID‐19 infection and its clinical outcome were also collected.ResultsNinety‐nine out of 180 (55%) children completed the follow‐up. The number of patients reporting a worsening of their symptoms was significantly higher at follow‐up when compared to the quarantine period (24/99 [24.2%] vs. 12/99 [12.1%]; p = 0.04). The PedsQL 4.0 subtotal score at follow‐up significantly decreased at 17 months of follow‐up (65.57 [0−100]) when compared to the quarantine (71 [0−100], p = 0.03). Emotional functioning was the most significantly reduced (Follow‐up: 64.7 [0−100] vs. Quarantine: 75 [0−100]; p = 0.006). We did not identify significant differences in symptoms and QoL between COVID‐19 infected children and the remaining cohort at the two time points.ConclusionsAn improvement of symptoms and QoL was observed during the quarantine, followed by a worsening at‐follow‐up. These findings reinforce the hypothesis that the nest effect overweighted COVID‐19 fears during the quarantine and highlight the importance of psychological factors in symptom exacerbation

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Post-infection gastrointestinal disorders and treatment options

Bekhtereva,

Bogdanova

2024

Medicinskij sovet

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The development of post-infectious pathology is determined by the type of pathogen, the genesis of damage to the intestinal barrier and the premorbid background of the child. On the scale of recent epidemiological events, attention is drawn to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has tropism for cells of the gastrointestinal tract, distorts the composition and function of the intestinal microbiome. The importance of the functions of intestinal microbes in the genesis and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been highlighted. It has been proven that a microbiota disorder with a new coronavirus infection affects not only the duration and severity of the infectious process, but also the risk of the formation of systemic diseases and malignant neoplasms. After the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection, post-COVID-19 syndrome may occur, the pathophysiology of which has not yet been fully established. Although it is believed that the main reason for its appearance is the diversification of the intestinal microbial landscape against the background of the direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the ACE2 receptors of intestinal epitheliocytes, followed by a pathoimmune response and impaired hemostasis. Established post-COVID-19 dysbiosis underlies functional gastrointestinal disorders with pronounced impairment in the brain-gut-microbiota axis and imbalance of the migrating motor complex, leading to the development of constipation. Post-infectious constipation debut within the first 3 months after an acute infection. The main goal of therapy for post-infectious constipation is to achieve regular painless defecation with soft-consistency stool and prevent feces. Numerous foreign studies and clinical guidelines indicate that stimulating laxatives are effective and safe in the treatment of constipation, include the children’s practice. Sodium picosulfate is considered one of the topical drugs of this group of laxatives.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 and gastrointestinal disorders in children

Cited by 3 publications

References 173 publications

Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases—From Expectations to Reality

Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases—From Expectations to Reality

Impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in children with functional abdominal pain disorders: Data from long‐term follow‐up

Post-infection gastrointestinal disorders and treatment options

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