Coronavirus disease–2019 and the intestinal tract: An overview

Alberca, Gabriela Gama Freire; Solis-Castro, Rosa Liliana; Solis-Castro, María Edith; Alberca, Ricardo Wesley

doi:10.3748/wjg.v27.i13.1255

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Alcohol consumption is also associated with a reduction of anti-inflammatory molecules, such as IL-10 ( 37 ), which may further aggravate the COVID-19-associated lung inflammation and established dysregulation in the anti-inflammatory immune response ( 24 ). Besides, alcohol consumption modulates the gut microbiome ( 38 ), and curbs the viral immune response ( 39 ), which may expose the individual to SARS-CoV-2 gastrointestinal infection ( 40 , 41 ), leading to, increased gastrointestinal dysbiosis ( 42 ) and more severe respiratory complication due to COVID-19 ( 43 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Characteristics and Survival Analysis in Frequent Alcohol Consumers With COVID-19

et al. 2021

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can generate a systemic disease named coronavirus disease–2019 (COVID-19). Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic has killed millions worldwide, presenting huge health and economic challenges worldwide. Several risk factors, such as age, co-infections, metabolic syndrome, and smoking have been associated with poor disease progression and outcomes. Alcohol drinking is a common social practice among adults, but frequent and/or excessive consumption can mitigate the anti-viral and anti-bacterial immune responses. Therefore, we investigated if patients with self-reported daily alcohol consumption (DAC) presented alteration in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. We investigated 122 patients with COVID-19 (101 male and 46 females), in which 23 were patients with DAC (18 men and 5 women) and 99 were non-DAC patients (58 men and 41 women), without other infections, neoplasia, or immunodeficiencies. Although with no difference in age, patients with DAC presented an increase in severity-associated COVID-19 markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil count, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. In addition, patients with DAC presented a reduction in the lymphocytes and monocytes counts. Importantly, the DAC group presented an increase in death rate in comparison with the non-DAC group. Our results demonstrated that, in our cohort, DAC enhanced COVID-19-associated inflammation, and increased the number of deaths due to COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Characteristics and Survival Analysis in Frequent Alcohol Consumers With COVID-19

et al. 2021

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“…Mitotane often induces gastrointestinal effects such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and lack of appetite, in addition to AI ( 149 , 152 ). These symptoms could mask a SARS-CoV-2 induced gastrointestinal infection, which has been described in a subset of patients ( 153 , 154 ), thus delaying the diagnosis of COVID-19. Another symptom that could lead to a delayed COVID-19 diagnosis is dysgeusia, which is frequently reported in COVID-19 patients ( 3 ) but also is an adverse event of mitotane ( 152 ).…”

Section: Adrenocortical Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Patients With Glucocorticoid-Related Diseases and COVID-19

et al. 2021

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The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a global health crisis affecting millions of people worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 enters the host cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) after being cleaved by the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). In addition to the lung, gastrointestinal tract and kidney, ACE2 is also extensively expressed in endocrine tissues, including the pituitary and adrenal glands. Although glucocorticoids could play a central role as immunosuppressants during the cytokine storm, they can have both stimulating and inhibitory effects on immune response, depending on the timing of their administration and their circulating levels. Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) or Cushing’s syndrome (CS) are therefore vulnerable groups in relation to COVID-19. Additionally, patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) could also be more vulnerable to COVID-19 due to the immunosuppressive state caused by the cancer itself, by secreted glucocorticoids, and by anticancer treatments. This review comprehensively summarizes the current literature on susceptibility to and outcome of COVID-19 in AI, CS and ACC patients and emphasizes potential pathophysiological mechanisms of susceptibility to COVID-19 as well as the management of these patients in case of SARS-CoV-2. Finally, by performing an in silico analysis, we describe the mRNA expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and the genes encoding their co-receptors CTSB, CTSL and FURIN in normal adrenal and adrenocortical tumors (both adenomas and carcinomas).

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“…After gastrointestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection, some patients with COVID-19 may develop alterations in the gastrointestinal microbiota. Hence, the antibacterial effect of LJF may be beneficial to the restoration of gut microbiota [ 26 ].…”

Section: Updated Pharmacological Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updated pharmacological effects of Lonicerae japonicae flos, with a focus on its potential efficacy on coronavirus disease–2019 (COVID-19)

Zhao

Zeng

Chen

et al. 2021

Current Opinion in Pharmacology

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Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF), known as Jin Yin Hua in Chinese, is one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese herbs and nutraceuticals. Nowadays, LJF is broadly applied in an array of afflictions, such as fever, sore throat, flu infection, cough, and arthritis, with the action mechanism to be elucidated. Here, we strove to summarize the main phytochemical components of LJF and review its updated pharmacological effects, including inhibition of inflammation, pyrexia, viruses, and bacteria, immunoregulation, and protection of the liver, nervous system, and heart, with a focus on the potential efficacy of LJF on coronavirus disease–2019 based on network pharmacology so as to fully underpin the utilization of LJF as a medicinal herb and a favorable nutraceutical in daily life.

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Coronavirus disease–2019 and the intestinal tract: An overview

Cited by 23 publications

References 132 publications

Clinical Characteristics and Survival Analysis in Frequent Alcohol Consumers With COVID-19

Clinical Characteristics and Survival Analysis in Frequent Alcohol Consumers With COVID-19

Management of Patients With Glucocorticoid-Related Diseases and COVID-19

Updated pharmacological effects of Lonicerae japonicae flos, with a focus on its potential efficacy on coronavirus disease–2019 (COVID-19)

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