Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A literature review

Harapan, Harapan; Itoh, Nobuhide; Yufika, Amanda; Winardi, Wira; Keam, Synat; Te, Haypheng; Megawati, Dewi; Hayati, Zinatul; Wagner, Abram L.; Mudatsir, Mudatsir

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2020.03.019

Cited by 1,390 publications

(1,326 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…A thorough literature survey of relevant articles and guidelines was conducted to design the survey instrument [17][18][19][20][21]. Once the survey conceptualization was completed, the face and content validity of the instrument was tested by an expert team comprising two professors with a background in pharmacy practice.…”

Section: Survey Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

View of Pakistani Residents toward Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) during a Rapid Outbreak: A Rapid Online Survey

Hayat

Rosenthal

et al. 2020

IJERPH

100

111

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Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a deadly disease that is affecting most of the countries worldwide. Public understanding, including knowledge about signs and symptoms, mode of transmission, and hygiene of COVID-19, is vital for designing effective control strategies during a public health crisis. The current study is aimed at investigating the public's perspective about COVID-19, including their knowledge, attitude, and practices. Methods: A rapid online survey comprising 22 items was administered during the rapid outbreak of COVID-19 in Pakistan. Questions were focused on the prevention, transmission, clinical features, and control of COVID-19. In addition, the attitudes and practices of the participants were explored. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and regression analysis were carried out during data analysis. Results: A total of 1257 respondents participated in this study. Most of the respondents had good knowledge (good = 64.8%, average = 30.5%, poor = 4.7%) of COVID-19. Gender, marital status, education, and residence were observed to have a significant association with the knowledge score. A vast majority of the survey respondents (77.0%) believed that COVID-19 would be controlled successfully in Pakistan. The practices of wearing a mask (85.8%) and handwashing (88.1%) were common among the participants. Conclusion: The participants demonstrated good knowledge and reasonable attitudes and practices toward most aspects of the COVID-19 outbreak. Improvements in certain areas could be made by mass-level education.

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Section: Survey Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

View of Pakistani Residents toward Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) during a Rapid Outbreak: A Rapid Online Survey

Hayat

Rosenthal

et al. 2020

IJERPH

100

111

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“…Based on this, it may be proposed that on SARS-CoV-2 infection, expression of these genes changes further, thus causing lowered immunity, enhanced pro-inflammatory response and apoptosis which in turn may lead to poor prognosis. As for the second novel observation, the higher extent of overlap between SARS-CoV-2 associated/SARS-CoV-2 interacting genes and DEGs in blood among the heathy aging group, may explain the range of clinical symptoms including high prevalence of blood clots, strokes and heart attack as well as multi-organ failure in a subset of severe patients reported early on during this pandemic 3,4 . Our observations are corroborated by a recent report of SARS-CoV-2 mediated damage to endothelial cells lining the blood vessels probably leading to blood clotting, strokes and heart attacks 19 .…”

Section: Pg 11mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The disease is highly heterogenous in its clinical presentation with the respiratory system being most commonly attacked and showing symptoms such as fever, cough, shortness of breath and fatigue. In addition, myalgia, neurological symptoms (headache, dizziness, and altered consciousness), ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes, muscle injury and gastrointestinal symptoms without respiratory symptoms or fever are also reported in a subset of patients 3 . Furthermore, in COVID-19 patients other clinical complications such as hypercoagulable state with increased risk of venous thromboembolism 4 and in some cases, a 'cytokine storm' comprised of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukins (IL) 6, 1β, 8,12, interferon-gamma inducible protein (IP10), macrophage inflammatory protein 1A (MIP1A), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) 5 has been observed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cumulative effect of aging and SARS-CoV2 infection on poor prognosis in the elderly: Insights from transcriptomic analysis of lung and blood

Bhattacharyya

Thelma

2020

Preprint

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IntroductionThe ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2) has affected millions of people worldwide and with notable heterogeneity in its clinical presentation. Probability of contracting this highly contagious infection is similar across age groups but disease severity and fatality among aged patients with or without comorbidities are higher. We hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 infection may augment aging-related gene expression alterations resulting in severe outcomes in elderly patients.MethodologyWe performed a comparative analysis of publicly available transcriptome data from Broncho Alveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF)/lung/blood of healthy aging group with i) COVID-19 patients; and ii) data of host genes interacting with SARS-CoV-2 proteins.ResultsWe observed i) a significant overlap of gene expression profiles of patients’ BALF and blood with lung and blood of the healthy group respectively; ii) a more pronounced overlap in blood compared to lung; and iii) a similar overlap between host genes interacting with SARS-CoV-2 and aging blood transcriptome.ConclusionsPathway enrichment analysis of overlapping gene sets suggests that infection alters expression of genes already dysregulated in the elderly, which together may lead to poor prognosis. eQTLs in these genes may also confer poor outcome in young patients worsening with age and co-morbidities. Furthermore, the pronounced overlap observed in blood may explain clinical symptoms including blood clots, strokes, heart attack, multi-organ failure etc. in severe cases. This model based on a limited patient dataset seems robust and holds promise for testing larger tissue specific datasets from patients with varied severity and across populations.

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“…From there, it spread rapidly across the world and was soon declared a Global Pandemic on March 11, 2020(1). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection causes a respiratory illness, and is transmitted majorly through respiratory droplet and direct contact (2). At the time of writing this review, more than 7 million con rmed cases and above 400,000 deaths have been reported worldwide (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Features and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Singhal

Kumar

Singh

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract Background Few studies have focused on exploring the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in older patients. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to have a better understanding of the clinical characteristics of older COVID-19 patients.Methods A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus was performed from December 2019 to May 3rd, 2020. Observational studies including older adults (age ≥60 years) with COVID-19 infection and reporting clinical characteristics or outcome were included. Primary outcome was assessing weighted pooled prevalence (WPP) of severity and outcomes. Secondary outcomes were clinical features including comorbidities and need of respiratory support.Result 46 studies with 13,624 older patients were included. Severe infection was seen in 51% (95% CI– 36-65%, I2- 95%) patients while 22% (95% CI– 16-28%, I2- 88%) were critically ill. Overall, 11% (95% CI– 5-21%, I2- 98%) patients died. The common comorbidities were hypertension (48%, 95% CI– 36-60% I2- 92%), diabetes mellitus (22%, 95% CI– 13-32%, I2- 86%) and cardiovascular disease (19%, 95% CI – 11-28%, I2- 85%). Common symptoms were fever (83%, 95% CI– 66-97%, I2-91%), cough (60%, 95% CI– 50-70%, I2- 71%) and dyspnoea (42%, 95% CI– 19-67%, I2- 94%). Overall, 84% (95% CI– 60-100%, I2- 81%) required oxygen support and 21% (95% CI– 0-49%, I2- 91%) required mechanical ventilation. Majority of studies had medium to high risk of bias and overall quality of evidence was low for all outcomes.Conclusion Approximately half of older patients with COVID-19 have severe infection, one in five are critically ill and one in ten die. More high quality evidence is needed to study outcomes in this vulnerable patient population and factors affecting these outcomes.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A literature review

Cited by 1,390 publications

References 62 publications

View of Pakistani Residents toward Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) during a Rapid Outbreak: A Rapid Online Survey

View of Pakistani Residents toward Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) during a Rapid Outbreak: A Rapid Online Survey

Cumulative effect of aging and SARS-CoV2 infection on poor prognosis in the elderly: Insights from transcriptomic analysis of lung and blood

Clinical Features and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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