Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in Pediatrics and the Role of Pediatricians: A Systematic Review

Seyedi, Seyed Javad; Shojaeian, Reza; Hiradfar, Mehran; Mohammadipour, Ahmad; Alamdaran, Seyed Ali

doi:10.5812/ijp.102784

Cited by 24 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Other studies emphasized that in infants and children, unlike adults, elevated inflammatory markers are less common, CRP does not increase in neonates, and leukopenia and lymphopenia are less common (3,5,9,15). In Iran, leukopenia, and lymphopenia (infant < 3000 and children < 2000) are reported just in 30% of children suffering COVID-19 (32). However, our data about neonates are minimal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Antibiotics are suggested just for cases with clinical or paraclinical signs of bacterial superinfection. One study in Iran recommended corticosteroids and interferon-alpha 2b nebulization for critically ill neonates; intravenous immunoglobulin is also suggested although there is no evidence supporting the effectiveness of gamma globulin, interferon, or hormone therapy (9,32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elevated inflammatory markers are less common in children, and lymphocytopenia is rare (5). In Iran, leukopenia and lymphopenia (infants < 3000 and children < 2000) were reported just in 30% of children with COVID-19 (32). Information about lab data in neonates is limited.…”

Section: Laboratory Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID‐19 in Neonates: A Review

2020

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: Neonates are vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. Its estimated rate in this age group is unknown. There is a robust transmission of COVID-19 from human-to-human. The result of all COVID-19 PCR tests on the amniotic fluid, placenta, cord, and breast milk was negative. The nasopharyngeal swab test of COVID-19 PCR in 56% of neonates was positive. 46.6% of neonates were asymptomatic, and in the others, the most common symptoms were: shortness of breath, tachypnea, cough, apnea, temperature instability, tachycardia. The possibility of vertical transmission (maternal-fetal) of COVID-19 is unknown. Because the most infected neonates with COVID-19 are asymptomatic, the transmission of the disease to other family members is very likely.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID‐19 in Neonates: A Review

2020

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“…These surfaces can be as small as the vents [33]. In a study by Seyedi et al, it was suggested that the virus might also be transmitted through the oral-fecal route [34]. Due to the presence of the virus in the feces, there is particular concern about the transmission of fecal-oral feces, especially for infants and children who are not trained in the toilet.…”

Section: Transmission Routementioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in Children: A Narrative Review

Razavi

Davoodi

Shojaei

et al. 2020

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: In December 2019, coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19) was detected in Wuhan, China, which is known as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS]-CoV-2). AIM: This study attempted a narrative review of the researches about COVID-19 in children. METHODS: We searched all articles between 2000 and April 2020 in PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect related to COVID-19 in children, using the following terms: “COVID-19,” “coronavirus,” “SARS-CoV-2” in combination with “pediatrics,” or “children.” RESULTS: The most common method of transmitting the disease to children was through close contact with family members through respiratory droplets. Coinfection is common in pediatric with COVID-19 infection. One of the most important transmission routes is oral feces. The severity of the disease was mild or asymptomatic in most children. The most common clinical symptoms were fever and cough, and gastrointestinal symptoms were more common in children than in adults. Infants and preschoolers had more severe clinical symptoms than older children. The most common radiographic findings from the lungs were bilateral ground-glass opacity. Increased procalcitonin and lactate dehydrogenase should be considered in children. The use of intravenous immunoglobulin, lopinavir/ritonavir, and oseltamivir, along with oxygen therapy, had the greatest effect on improving children’s conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The most important way to prevent this disease in children is to follow the health tips of family members. Although the number of children with the disease is low, children are vulnerable to infection. Antiviral medications along with the use of muscle relaxants and oxygen therapy have a great impact on children’s condition.

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“…The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, was first identified at the end of 2019 (1). Initially, there was no evidence about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in pediatrics (2). However, over time, children infected with COVID-19 were reported in various areas (3,4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%