Coronavirus Disease-2019 Survival in Mexico: A Cohort Study on the Interaction of the Associated Factors

Márquez-González, Horacio; Méndez-Gálvan, Jorge; Reyes‐López, Alfonso; Klünder‐Klünder, Miguel; Jiménez-Juárez, Rodolfo Norberto; Garduño-Espinosa, Juan; Solórzano-Santos, Fortino

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.660114

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Our results are consistent with this profile as more than 95% of the positive cases in our cohort exhibited satisfactory outcomes and did not require hospitalization. Moreover, compared to data in our previous report on trends in adults, frequency of hospitalization in Mexican children was 5 times lower, need for intubation was 43-fold less, admission to intensive care was 21 times lower, and mortality was 25-fold less (15).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

“…There appears to be an effect of age and comorbidities on the prognosis of children with COVID-19, according to a recent meta-analysis those <1 year old were more likely to be admitted to ICU, Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.63 (95% CI: 1, 40 to 1.90); and death, OR = 2.08 (95% CI: 1.57 to 2.86) and the odds of death increased among children aged 10-14 years OR = 2.15 and >14 years OR = 2. 15. A meta-analysis showed a more significant association with outcomes (ICU and death) when comparing patients with and without comorbidities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Survival analysis and mortality predictors of COVID-19 in a pediatric cohort in Mexico

Solórzano-Santos

Miranda-Lora

Márquez-González

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThe new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been relatively less lethal in children; however, poor prognosis and mortality has been associated with factors such as access to health services. Mexico remained on the list of the ten countries with the highest case fatality rate (CFR) in adults. It is of interest to know the behavior of COVID-19 in the pediatric population. The aim of this study was to identify clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with mortality due to COVID-19 in pediatric patients.ObjectiveUsing National open data and information from the Ministry of Health, Mexico, this cohort study aimed to identify clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with COVID-19 mortality in pediatric patients.MethodA cohort study was designed based on National open data from the Ministry of Health, Mexico, for the period April 2020 to January 2022, and included patients under 18 years of age with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Variables analyzed were age, health services used, and comorbidities (obesity, diabetes, asthma, cardiovascular disease, immunosuppression, high blood pressure, and chronic kidney disease). Follow-up duration was 60 days, and primary outcomes were death, hospitalization, and requirement of intensive care. Statistical analysis included survival analysis, prediction models created using the Cox proportional hazards model, and Kaplan-Meier estimation curves.ResultsThe cohort included 261,099 cases with a mean age of 11.2 ± 4 years, and of these, 11,569 (4.43%) were hospitalized and 1,028 (0.39%) died. Variables associated with risk of mortality were age under 12 months, the presence of comorbidities, health sector where they were treated, and first wave of infection.ConclusionBased on data in the National database, we show that the pediatric fatality rate due to SARS-CoV-2 is similar to that seen in other countries. Access to health services and distribution of mortality were heterogeneous. Vulnerable groups were patients younger than 12 months and those with comorbidities.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Survival analysis and mortality predictors of COVID-19 in a pediatric cohort in Mexico

Solórzano-Santos

Miranda-Lora

Márquez-González

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…Several studies show that the risk of dying from COVID-19 increases with age and is higher among men 19,20,21,22 . This is similar to the results of other survival analyses 10,13,23 and our study. Aging leads to several changes in the immune system, which can be broadly classified as immunosenescence and is associated with the age of the immune system and a reduced ability to fight new infections.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The higher risk of death for patients hospitalized in the public sector is consistent with the findings of previous studies in the Latin America region 10,14,23 , which attributed this higher risk to the greater number of COVID-19 cases admitted to public health centers, leading to a high probability…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A competing risk survival analysis of the sociodemographic factors of COVID-19 in-hospital mortality in Ecuador

2023

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This study aimed to analyze the effect of sociodemographic characteristics on COVID-19 in-hospital mortality in Ecuador from March 1 to December 31, 2020. This retrospective longitudinal study was performed with data from publicly accessible registries of the Ecuadorian National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC). Data underwent a competing risk analysis with estimates of the cumulative incidence function (CIF). The effect of covariates on CIFs was estimated using the Fine-Gray model and results were expressed as adjusted subdistribution hazard ratios (SHR). The analysis included 30,991 confirmed COVID-19 patients with a mean age of 56.57±18.53 years; 60.7% (n = 18,816) were men and 39.3% (n = 12,175) were women. Being of advanced age, especially older than or equal to 75 years (SHR = 17.97; 95%CI: 13.08-24.69), being a man (SHR = 1.29; 95%CI: 1.22-1.36), living in rural areas (SHR = 1.18; 95%CI: 1.10-1.26), and receiving care in a public health center (SHR = 1.64; 95%CI: 1.51-1.78) were factors that increased the incidence of death from COVID-19, while living at an elevation higher than 2,500 meters above sea level (SHR = 0.69; 95%CI: 0.66-0.73) decreased this incidence. Since the incidence of death for individuals living in rural areas and who received medical care from the public sector was higher, income and poverty are important factors in the final outcome of this disease.

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“…Hospitalization, ICU admission, and patient intubation were shown to be significantly associated with higher mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Notably, based on observations in Mexico, a significant proportion of patients who were intubated were not admitted to an ICU, a trend that differs from many other healthcare systems [ 15 ]. This observation underscores the importance of infrastructure and specialized care in the management of critical COVID-19 patients in Mexico.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidities and their association with COVID-19 mortality in Mexico between January 2020 and August 2021

Lowhorn,

Chowdhury,

Kimitei

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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By August 17, 2021, 4.3 million people had died globally as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection. While data collection is ongoing, it is abundantly obvious that this is one of the most significant public health crises in modern history. Consequently, global efforts are being made to attain a greater understanding of this disease and to identify risk factors associated with more severe outcomes. The goal of this study is to identify clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 mortality in Mexico. The dataset used in this study was released by Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiologica de Enfermedades Respiratorias (SISVER) de la Secretaría de Salud and contains 2.9 million COVID-19 cases. The effects of risk factors on COVID-19 mortality were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models with generalized estimation equation and Kaplan-Meier curves. Case fatality rates, case hospitalization rates are also reported using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) USA death-to-case ratio method. In general, older males with pre-existing conditions had higher odds of death. Age greater than 40, male sex, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity are associated with higher COVID-19 mortality. End-stage renal disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and immunosuppression are all linked with COVID-19 patient fatalities. Smoking and Asthma are associated with lower COVID-19 mortality which is consistent with findings from the article published in Nature based on National Health Service (NHS) of UK dataset (17 million cases). Intensive care unit (ICU), patient intubation, and pneumonia diagnosis are shown to substantially increase mortality risk for COVID-19 patients.

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Coronavirus Disease-2019 Survival in Mexico: A Cohort Study on the Interaction of the Associated Factors

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Survival analysis and mortality predictors of COVID-19 in a pediatric cohort in Mexico

Survival analysis and mortality predictors of COVID-19 in a pediatric cohort in Mexico

A competing risk survival analysis of the sociodemographic factors of COVID-19 in-hospital mortality in Ecuador

Comorbidities and their association with COVID-19 mortality in Mexico between January 2020 and August 2021

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