Coronavirus infection in children

Abstract

This literature review aims to provide an update on the problem of coronavirus infection in children. It covers specific features of the pathogens and ways of their transmission in children and focuses on the nuances of the clinical course. It also describes the approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of seasonal coronavirus infections and COVID-19. Particular attention is paid to treatment and prevention of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVIs), including seasonal coronavirus infections, during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic using Anaferon for children, a drug with an immune-mediated antiviral effect. The article provides the data on experimental and clinical evaluation of Anaferon efficacy in children with coronavirus infections. Experimental in vitro studies of Anaferon for children demonstrated its antiviral efficacy against highly pathogenic MERS-CoV. Clinical trials, including double-blind placebo-controlled RCTs, showed that the inclusion of Anaferon for children in the comprehensive therapy of seasonal coronavirus infections reduced the disease duration, mitigated symptoms, and decreased the incidence of nosocomial infections. These effects were associated with the modulating activity of Anaferon for children affecting both cellular and humoral immunity. The analysis of studies evaluating Anaferon for children allows us to recommend this drug for widespread use in the treatment and prevention of seasonal ARVIs, including those caused by coronaviruses during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Key words: Anaferon for children, treatment, coronavirus infection, prevention, COVID-19

The Supramolecular Matrix Concept

“…To study the mechanisms of ME, as a main model we chose the effect of PDs of antibodies to interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) on its antigen, IFN-γ. PDs of antibodies to IFN-γ are by far the most studied GrP [40,[61][62][63][64][65][66][67]. Using this preparation, we discovered that ME is based on conformational changes in the target molecule, in this case, its antigen, IFN-γ [68], and influences the antigen's hydration shell [69].…”

Efficacy and safety of paracetamol, phenylephrine, chlorpheniramine maleate and sodium citrate in Indian paediatric patients with common cold: an active post-marketing surveillance study

“…It is clinically represented by the symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) such as rhinorrhoea, nasal obstruction, nasal congestion, runny nose, and sneezing. [2][3][4] Adults typically get 2-3 upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) per year, whereas children have 6-7 episodes per year, thus it is an important problem in paediatric practice. 5 Symptoms of the common cold in children typically reach peak intensity shortly after the onset of illness.…”

Priorities in Management of Children with Bronchial Obstruction Associated with Acute Respiratory Viral Infection: What’s New?

“…Помимо верхних дыхательных путей, ЖКТ, SARS-CoV-2 тропен к нижним дыхательным путям, он может стать причиной бронхита, пневмонии. Известна ассоциация коронавирусной инфекции с обострением хронических бронхолегочных заболеваний: муковисцидоза, ХОБЛ [6,7].…”