Coronavirus infection of the bovine respiratory tract

McNulty, M. S.; Bryson, D.G.; Allan, Gordon; Logan, E.F.

doi:10.1016/0378-1135(84)90063-4

Cited by 72 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…6,9,14,18 It has been difficult to fulfill Koch' s postulates in regard to BCV involvement in respiratory problems such as BRDC because of limitations of these postulates to deal with host and environmental interactions and polymicrobial infections. 3 Nevertheless, a preponderance of evidence 7,8,9,11,14,17,18 now suggests that this virus may likely be implicated in BRDC by predisposing cattle to induction of respiratory tract disease and poor health performance. If this is the case, a clear understanding of BCV epidemiologic characteristics and its role in disease causation under field conditions is necessary for development of preventive measures such as vaccination prior to shipping to control this pathogen in feedlots calves.…”

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confidence: 95%

“…4,9 The nasal route of transmission is speculated to occur in addition to the fecal-oral route. 2 The role of BCV as a pathogen of the respiratory tract in calves [10][11][12][13] and feedlot cattle is not completely defined. Several investigators have shown that BCV may be implicated in BRDC, 6,8,9,[14][15][16][17][18] with decreased growth performance in feedlot cattle 4,5,7 ; others have found no correlation between BCV shedding and respiratory tract disease under field conditions 4,5 ; some have failed to reproduce respiratory tract disease after experimental inoculation of calves with BCV [19][20][21] ; and others have isolated this virus from healthy cattle 22 or have not detected BCV shedding in all feedlot calves with respiratory tract disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Transmission of bovine coronavirus and serologic responses in feedlot calves under field conditions

Thomas¹,

Hoet²,

Sreevatsan³

et al. 2006

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Transmission of bovine coronavirus and serologic responses in feedlot calves under field conditions

Thomas¹,

Hoet²,

Sreevatsan³

et al. 2006

ajvr

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“…Calves around 3 months of age may also present pathological processes of upper respiratory tract caused by BCoV (Mcnulty et al 1984, Heckert et al 1990, Heckert et al 1991, Tsunemitsu et al 1991.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rapid detection of bovine coronavirus by a semi-nested RT-PCR

et al. 2009

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RESUMO.-[Detecção rápida do Coronavírus Bovino (BCoV) por meio de uma semi-nested RT-PCR.]O Coronavírus bovino (BCoV) pertence ao grupo 2 do gêne-ro Coronavirus (Nidovirales: Coronaviridae) e é agente causador de enterites tanto em bezerros como em bovinos adultos, bem como de doença respiratória em bezerros. O presente estudo teve por objetivo desenvolver uma seminested RT-PCR para a detecção do BCoV com base em seqüências representativas e recentes do gene do nucleocapsídeo, região conservada do genoma dos coronavírus. Três primers foram desenhados, a primeira amplificação com um fragmento esperado de 463pb e a segunda (semi-nested) com um fragmento esperado de 306pb. A sensibilidade analítica foi determinada pela diluição do BCoV cepa Kakegawa (título HA: 256) na base de 10 em água ultra-pura tratada com DEPC, em soro fetal bovino (SFB) e em uma suspensão fecal negativa para o BCoV, onde foram encontrados resultados positivos até a diluição de 10 -2 , 10 -3 e 10 -7 , respectivamente. Este resultado sugere que a quantidade total de RNA na amostra influencia na precipitação dos pellets pelo método de extração utilizado. Quando se utiliza amostra fecal, a grande quantidade de RNA total funciona como carreadora do RNA do Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a member of the group 2 of the Coronavirus (Nidovirales: Coronaviridae) and the causative agent of enteritis in both calves and adult bovine, as well as respiratory disease in calves. The present study aimed to develop a semi-nested RT-PCR for the detection of BCoV based on representative up-to-date sequences of the nucleocapsid gene, a conserved region of coronavirus genome. Three primers were designed, the first round with a 463bp and the second (semi-nested) with a 306bp predicted fragment. The analytical sensitivity was determined by 10-fold serial dilutions of the BCoV Kakegawa strain (HA titre: 256) in DEPC treated ultra-pure water, in fetal bovine serum (FBS) and in a BCoV-free fecal suspension, when positive results were found up to the 10 -2 , 10 -3 and 10 -7 dilutions, respectively, which suggests that the total amount of RNA in the sample influence the precipitation of pellets by the method of extraction used. When fecal samples was used, a large quantity of total RNA serves as carrier of BCoV RNA, demonstrating a high analytical sensitivity and lack of possible substances inhibiting the PCR. The final semi-nested RT-PCR protocol was applied to 25 fecal samples from adult cows, previously tested by a nested RT-PCR RdRp used as a reference test, resulting in 20 and 17 positives for the first and second tests, respectively, and a substantial agreement was found by kappa statistics (0.694). The high sensitivity and specificity of the new proposed method and the fact that primers were designed based on current BCoV sequences give basis to a more accurate diagnosis of BCoV-caused diseases, as well as to further insights on protocols for the detection of other Coronavirus representatives of both Animal and Public Health importance.

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“…1 Bovine coronaviruses are generally not associated with severe lower respiratory disease. 1,3 The Minnesota isolate produced a severe, clearly defined lower respiratory disease (Kapil S, Pomeroy K, Goyal SM, et al: 1990, Abstr 31st Ann Mtg North Central Conf Vet Lab Diagn) later in the infection (5-9 days postinfection) and was the cause of death in 1 calf. Blood was present in feces of these calves for l-2 days starting 4 days after infection.…”

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Experimental Infection with a Virulent Pneumoenteric Isolate of Bovine Coronavirus

et al. 1991

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Bovine coronavirus (BCV) is 1 of the important causes of scours in young calves.1 Although the role of BCV in respiratory tract infections has not been clearly defined, there is increasing evidence that it causes upper respiratory tract infection in addition to the intestinal disease. 5,6 Focal involvement of lungs was recently reported in 2 of 16 calves experimentally infected with BCV, 5 but the sequence of events including clinical signs has not been clearly described for pneumotropic BCV.The present report describes a consistent, diffuse lung involvement in calves experimentally infected with a field isolate of BCV. The details of the experimental design have been described.2 Briefly, newborn, colostrum-deprived, unvaccinated calves were infected orally at 5 days of age with either a virulent pneumoenteric isolate of BCV (Minnesota isolate, calves 2, 6, and 7) or with an attenuated strain of BCV (Mebus strain, calves 1 and 9). The virus suspension was fed slowly to the calves with a 20-ml syringe. Although direct inoculation of the virus into the nasal cavity was unlikely, it was not possible to control the carryover of virus to the nasal cavity via insertion of the tongue into the nostril. Four calves (calves 3, 4, 5, and 8), housed in separate rooms were included as uninfected controls. One of the uninfected controls (calf 3) developed a natural infection with BCV. Nasal cells were collected by inserting cotton swabs a into the anterior nasal cavity of the calves. The swabs were rotated gently to dislodge the cells of the nasal cavity. Sufficient number of cells were collected without difficulty. The swabs were placed in Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS) and immediately transported to the laboratory where they were vortexed for 1 minute to separate nasal cells from the swab and the mucus. The swab was removed from the tube and the resulting suspension was centrifuged at 650 x g for 5 minutes. The pellet (approx. 0.05 ml packed cells) was mixed with equal volume of HBSS and vortexed again. The cell suspension was placed on 8-well slides with 30 µ1/well and allowed to dry at room temperature.The slides were washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.2, dried, and then fixed in acetone for 10 minutes. After drying again, the wells were covered with a drop of FITC-labeled bovine anti-BCV conjugate b and incubated in a humid chamber for 1 hour. The conjugate was found to be specific for bovine coronavirus and did not react with uninfected Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells or with uninfected tissues from control calves (gut and lungs). The slides were washed with PBS (pH 8.5) and counterstained with Evan's blue.The calves were kept under strict quarantine and were Received for publication June 13, 1990. observed closely for clinical signs of the disease at least twice daily. In the present report, only the signs and pathology associated with the pneumoenteric strain of BCV are presented. Calf 2 inoculated with the virulent pneumoenteric strain developed diarrhea within 1 day after infection but did no...

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Coronavirus infection of the bovine respiratory tract

Cited by 72 publications

References 7 publications

Transmission of bovine coronavirus and serologic responses in feedlot calves under field conditions

Transmission of bovine coronavirus and serologic responses in feedlot calves under field conditions

Rapid detection of bovine coronavirus by a semi-nested RT-PCR

Experimental Infection with a Virulent Pneumoenteric Isolate of Bovine Coronavirus

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