Corpora and Exemplars in Phonology

Ernestus, Mirjam; Baayen, R. Harald

doi:10.1002/9781444343069.ch12

Cited by 56 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Schuppler and colleagues (2011) automatically transcribed part of the spontaneous speech incorporated in the IFA corpus (van Son, Binnenpoorte, van den Heuvel, & Pols, 2001) and found that 14% of the segments were transcribed differently in their transcriptions than in the transcriptions created with a different automatic method and corrected by human transcribers. Since disagreements between human transcribers may vary between 5.6% and 58%, depending on the degree of spontaneity of the speech (Kipp, Wesenick, & Schiel, 1996, 1997Ernestus & Baayen, 2011), these results strongly suggest that the transcriptions automatically generated with their transcriber and procedure are as reliable as human made transcriptions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

The effect of speech situation on the occurrence of reduced word pronunciation variants

Ernestus

Hanique

Verboom

2015

Journal of Phonetics

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This article presents two studies investigating how the situation in which speech is uttered affects the frequency with which words are reduced. Study 1 is based on the Spoken Dutch Corpus, which consists of 15 components, nearly all representing a different speech situation. This study shows that the components differ in how often ten semantically weak words are highly reduced. The differences are especially large between the components with scripted and unscripted speech. Within the component group of unscripted speech, the formality of the situation shows an effect. Study 2 investigated segment reduction in a shadowing experiment in which participants repeated Dutch carefully and casually articulated sentences. Prefixal schwa and suffixal /t/ were absent in participants' responses to both sentences types as often as in formal interviews. If a segment was absent, this appeared to be mostly due to extreme coarticulation, unlike in speech produced in less formal situations. Speakers thus adapted more to the formal situation of the experiment than to the stimuli to be shadowed. We conclude that speech situation affects the occurrence of reduced word pronunciation variants, which should be accounted for by psycholinguistic models of speech production and comprehension.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

The effect of speech situation on the occurrence of reduced word pronunciation variants

Ernestus

Hanique

Verboom

2015

Journal of Phonetics

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“…It is unclear at what level of carefulness the original manual corrections of the Buckeye corpus were performed. In addition, whereas misalignment tends to be very consistent and systematic in forced aligners, human annotators can be biased by their own expectations and create different kinds of variations in the annotation (Ernestus and Baayen, 2011). Therefore, there is no way to know which annotation can be stronger relied on, especially for phones with gradual transitions such as sonorants.…”

Section: Final S In Englishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Duration of Word-Final S in English with Naive Discriminative Learning

Tomaschek¹,

Ernestus²,

Plag³

2019

Preprint

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Recent research on the acoustic realization of affixes has revealed differencesbetween phonologically homophonous affixes, for example the different kinds offinal [s] and [z] in English (Plag et al. 2017, Zimmermann 2016). Such resultsare unexpected and unaccounted for in widely-accepted post-Bloomfieldian item-and-arrangement models (Hockett, 1954), which separate lexical and post-lexicalphonology, and in models which interpret phonetic effects as consequences of different prosodic structure. This paper demonstrates that the differences in duration of English final S as a function of the morphological function it expresses (non-morphemic, plural, third person singular, genitive, genitive plural, cliticized has, and cliticized is) can be approximated by considering the support for these morphological functions from the words’ sublexical and collocational properties. We estimated this support using naive discriminative learning, and replicated previous results for English vowels (Tucker et al., 2019) indicating that segment duration is lengthened under higher functional certainty, but shortened under functional uncertainty. We discuss the implications of these results, obtained with wide learning network that eschews representations for morphemes and exponents, for models in theoretical morphology as well as for models of lexical processing.

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“…Since the items in our experiment were carefully articulated at a slow rate, the differences with human transcribers are likely to be even smaller. Note, moreover, that differences of this size can also be observed between phonetically trained human transcribers (for an overview see, e. g., Ernestus & Baayen, 2011). In the resulting transcriptions, the words and pseudowords did not differ significantly in mean phoneme duration (words = 105.5 ms; pseudowords = 105.7 ms), t(5536.045) = −0.36, p .…”

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confidence: 91%

BALDEY: A database of auditory lexical decisions

Ernestus

Cutler

2015

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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In an auditory lexical decision experiment, 5541 spoken content words and pseudowords were presented to 20 native speakers of Dutch. The words vary in phonological make-up and in number of syllables and stress pattern, and are further representative of the native Dutch vocabulary in that most are morphologically complex, comprising two stems or one stem plus derivational and inflectional suffixes, with inflections representing both regular and irregular paradigms; the pseudowords were matched in these respects to the real words. The BALDEY ("biggest auditory lexical decision experiment yet") data file includes response times and accuracy rates, with for each item morphological information plus phonological and acoustic information derived from automatic phonemic segmentation of the stimuli. Two initial analyses illustrate how this data set can be used. First, we discuss several measures of the point at which a word has no further neighbours and compare the degree to which each measure predicts our lexical decision response outcomes. Second, we investigate how well four different measures of frequency of occurrence (from written corpora, spoken corpora, subtitles, and frequency ratings by 75 participants) predict the same outcomes. These analyses motivate general conclusions about the auditory lexical decision task. The (publicly available) BALDEY database lends itself to many further analyses.

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Corpora and Exemplars in Phonology

Cited by 56 publications

References 95 publications

The effect of speech situation on the occurrence of reduced word pronunciation variants

The effect of speech situation on the occurrence of reduced word pronunciation variants

Modeling the Duration of Word-Final S in English with Naive Discriminative Learning

BALDEY: A database of auditory lexical decisions

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