“…When kategoria deals with policy, apologia strategies are said to fall in one of four categories: “I did not do it” (fact), “I did not do what is alleged” (definition), “I had laudable intentions” (quality), or “I appeal to another audience” (jurisdiction) ( Ryan, 1982 ). More recent research has applied such perspectives in the context of organizations as well as developed further insights into the rhetorical operations of apologia particularly in crisis communication ( Hearit, 2018 ). If an organization does respond in a crisis, the strategies are typically grouped in one of three clusters: deny, diminish, and deal ( Coombs, 2012 ).…”