“…A well-defined corporate brand identity is the bedrock of long-term brand management (Kapferer, 1991(Kapferer, , 2012Urde, 1994Urde, , 2003Balmer et al, 2013, Balmer, 1995, 2011bBurmann et al, 2009;de Chernatony, 2010). A serious practical management problem is the lack of a widely agreed framework that can define a corporate brand identity and also align its different elements so that they come together as an entity (Abratt and Kleyn, 2011).…”