Corporate Expenditure on Environmental Protection

Abstract

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Determinants of Environmental Expenditure and Investment: Evidence from Sweden

“…In addition to that, the standard industrial organisation literature has stressed the importance of firm characteristics, such as firm size, firm ownership, foreign competition, technological characteristics, capital intensity and others, when explaining investment in general. For example, the attention to firm-specific factors when explaining environmental expenditure has been given by Harris (2002, 2005) and Haller and Murphy (2012). (Collins and Harris 2002;Collins and Harris 2005) Our paper contributes to the sparse empirical literature on interactions between environmental regulation and corporate behaviour.…”

“…We might think that large and monopolistic firms may have fewer incentives to invest and to innovate, whereas small firms in competitive markets are forced to be better than their competitors by reducing their production costs and developing new products. On the other hand, larger firms are more likely to be more polluting and there may be economies of scale in environmental expenditure and investment (Haller and Murphy 2012). We use firm's lagged capital stock (machinery and buildings) to account for firm size effects on environmental investment/expenditure.…”

Is Private Entrepreneurs’ Religiosity Conducive to Environmental Investment? Evidence from China

“…Based on organizational legitimacy theory, resource-based theory, and stakeholder theory [1][2][3], existing studies have found that external factors, such as the degree of environmental control, likelihood of an environment regulatory change, industry concentration, consumers' green preferences, and media coverage [4][5][6], as well as specific firm-level characteristics, such as firm size, firm age, industry, financial conditions, and R&D intensity [7][8][9], can affect firm environmental investment. However, the influence of entrepreneurs' personal characteristics on firm environmental investment has been largely ignored by researchers.…”

Economic Freedom, Internal Motivation, and Corporate Environmental Responsibility of SMEs

“…Intrinsic (environmental) motivation may stem from personal satisfaction of engaging in CEP when executives enjoy helping others or from a sense of responsibility to contribute to society and the welfare of future generations (Lindenberg 2001). Previous studies have focused on drivers external and internal to the firm (Weaver et al 1999;Aguilera et al 2007;Bracke et al 2008;Haller and Murphy 2012), but did not consider that the influence of internal drivers interact with the external drivers. We fill a gap in this literature studying this interaction, exploiting the variation between companies in their environmental motivation and between countries in their level of economic freedom.…”

“…The use of survey data allows us a deeper look into motivation, complementing previous studies that focus on public structural data (cf. Bracke et al 2008;Haller and Murphy 2012).…”