“…Most of these papers do not reference the Scholes-Wolfson framework, but nevertheless the framework is in the background because many of the determinants can be classified as non-tax costs, or effects of other parties, and even implicit taxes. Wilde and Wilson (2018) and Bruhne and Jacob (2019) both provide an excellent summary of this literature. These determinants or areas of research look at family firms, the role of executive compensation, public vs private firms, the role of institutional ownership, corporate governance, managerial characteristics, tax enforcement, reputation, links to governments through state ownership and or government contracting, distance to the nearest IRS office, size of auditor-provided tax services, size of the tax department, effect of country-by-country reporting, and the effect of adoption of IFRS, with a new paper emerging weekly.…”